Coccidioidomycosis is an emerging fungal infection of the southwestern United States. Although Coccidioides species infections are usually asymptomatic or result in a mild, flu-like illness, disseminated disease may occur in 1% of cases. While extrapulmonary disease usually involves the skin, central nervous system, bones, or joints, coccidioidomycosis is a great imitator, with the ability to infect any tissue or organ. Cases may be diagnosed outside of endemic areas, hence providers worldwide should be aware of the broad range of manifestations of coccidioidomycosis. We present a case series of unusual presentations of coccidioidomycosis including serous cavity infections with cases of pericarditis, empyema, and peritonitis, as well as unusual abscesses involving the retropharyngeal space and gluteal musculature. We provide a complete review of the literature and summarize the clinical presentations, diagnoses, and treatments of these rare forms of disseminated coccidioidomycosis.

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球孢子菌病是美国西南部的一种新兴真菌感染。尽管球虫属感染通常无症状或导致轻度流感样疾病,但在1% 情况下可能会发生播散性疾病。虽然肺外疾病通常涉及皮肤,中枢神经系统,骨骼或关节,球孢子菌病是一个伟大的模仿者,具有感染任何组织或器官的能力。病例可能在流行地区以外被诊断,因此全世界的提供者应了解球孢子菌病的广泛表现。我们介绍了一系列球孢子菌病的异常表现,包括浆液性腔感染,心包炎,脓胸和腹膜炎,以及涉及咽后间隙和臀肌肉组织的异常脓肿。我们提供了文献的完整回顾,并总结了这些罕见形式的播散性球孢子菌病的临床表现,诊断和治疗方法。

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