Much of the mammalian genome is transcribed, generating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that can undergo post-transcriptional surveillance whereby only a subset of the non-coding transcripts is allowed to attain sufficient stability to persist in the cellular milieu and control various cellular functions. Paralleling protein turnover by the proteasome complex, lncRNAs are also likely to exist in a dynamic equilibrium that is maintained through constant monitoring by the RNA surveillance machinery. In this Review, we describe the RNA surveillance factors and discuss the vital role of lncRNA surveillance in orchestrating various biological processes, including the protection of genome integrity, maintenance of pluripotency of embryonic stem cells, antibody-gene diversification, coordination of immune cell activation and regulation of heterochromatin formation. We also discuss examples of human diseases and developmental defects associated with the failure of RNA surveillance mechanisms, further highlighting the importance of lncRNA surveillance in maintaining cell and organism functions and health.

译文

许多哺乳动物基因组被转录,产生长的非编码rna (lncrna),可以进行转录后监测,因此仅允许非编码转录本的子集获得足够的稳定性,以在细胞环境中持续存在并控制各种细胞功能。与蛋白酶体复合物平行的蛋白质转换,lncrna也可能以动态平衡存在,该动态平衡通过RNA监视机制的持续监测得以维持。在这篇综述中,我们描述了RNA监测因素,并讨论了lncRNA监测在协调各种生物过程中的重要作用,包括保护基因组完整性,维持胚胎干细胞的多能性,抗体-基因多样化,免疫细胞激活的协调和异染色质形成的调节。我们还讨论了与RNA监视机制失败相关的人类疾病和发育缺陷的例子,进一步强调了lncRNA监视在维持细胞和生物功能以及健康方面的重要性。

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