In this work, a simulation procedure of a supercritical extraction process was developed through the use of the commercial simulator HYSYS (Hyprotech Ltd.), adapting the existing units to the operating conditions typical of the supercritical extraction process. The objective is to recover provitamin A (beta-carotene) from palm oil (esterified) using carbon dioxide/ethanol as the supercritical mixed solvent. This example characterizes the problem for recovering high added value product from natural sources, as the palm oil, which is desired by the market. Owing to the fact that esterified palm oil is a complex mixture, made by several components, in order to characterize this system in the simulator, it was necessary to create hypothetical components using the UNIFAC (universal function-group activity coefficients model) group contribution, because they are not present in a conventional database and, then, their physical properties must be estimated and/or predicted before the simulation. The optimization was carried out in each simulation for each equipment, in terms of operating conditions (temperature and pressure), in order to obtain the maximum recovery of carotenes. According to the results, it was possible to concentrate carotenes through two cycles of supercritical extraction with high yield. Furthermore, ethyl esters (biodiesel) were also obtained, as a byproduct of the proposed process, which can also be used as an alternative fuel, with the important characteristic that it is renewable.

译文

在这项工作中,通过使用商业模拟器HYSYS (Hyprotech Ltd.) 开发了超临界萃取过程的模拟程序,使现有装置适应超临界萃取过程的典型操作条件。目的是使用二氧化碳/乙醇作为超临界混合溶剂从棕榈油 (酯化) 中回收维生素原A (β-胡萝卜素)。这个例子描述了从天然来源回收高附加值产品的问题,如棕榈油,这是市场所希望的。由于酯化棕榈油是一种复杂的混合物,由几种组分制成,为了在模拟器中表征该系统,有必要使用UNIFAC (通用函数组活度系数模型) 组贡献创建假设的组分,因为它们不存在于常规数据库中,因此必须在模拟之前估计和/或预测它们的物理特性。在每个设备的每个模拟中,根据操作条件 (温度和压力) 进行了优化,以获得最大的胡萝卜素回收率。根据结果,可以通过两个超临界萃取循环以高收率浓缩胡萝卜素。此外,还获得了乙酯 (生物柴油),作为所提出方法的副产物,其也可以用作替代燃料,具有可再生的重要特征。

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