Modern sugarcanes are polyploid interspecific hybrids, combining high sugar content from Saccharum officinarum with hardiness, disease resistance and ratooning of Saccharum spontaneum. Sequencing of a haploid S. spontaneum, AP85-441, facilitated the assembly of 32 pseudo-chromosomes comprising 8 homologous groups of 4 members each, bearing 35,525 genes with alleles defined. The reduction of basic chromosome number from 10 to 8 in S. spontaneum was caused by fissions of 2 ancestral chromosomes followed by translocations to 4 chromosomes. Surprisingly, 80% of nucleotide binding site-encoding genes associated with disease resistance are located in 4 rearranged chromosomes and 51% of those in rearranged regions. Resequencing of 64 S. spontaneum genomes identified balancing selection in rearranged regions, maintaining their diversity. Introgressed S. spontaneum chromosomes in modern sugarcanes are randomly distributed in AP85-441 genome, indicating random recombination among homologs in different S. spontaneum accessions. The allele-defined Saccharum genome offers new knowledge and resources to accelerate sugarcane improvement.

译文

现代甘蔗是多倍体种间杂种,将蔗糖的高糖含量与蔗糖的坚固性,抗病性和再生性结合在一起。AP85-441,单倍体S. spontaneum的测序促进了32个伪染色体的组装,该伪染色体包括8个同源组,每个同源组4个,带有35,525个具有定义的等位基因。自发S. spontaneum的基本染色体数从10减少到8是由2条祖先染色体的裂变引起的,然后易位为4条染色体。令人惊讶的是,与抗病性相关的核苷酸结合位点编码基因的80% 位于4个重排的染色体中,51% 位于重排的区域中。对64个spontaneum基因组的重新排序确定了重新排列区域中的平衡选择,从而保持了它们的多样性。现代甘蔗中渗入的自发S. spontaneum染色体随机分布在AP85-441基因组中,表明在不同的自发S. spontaneum种质中的同源物之间随机重组。等位基因定义的糖基因组为加速甘蔗改良提供了新的知识和资源。

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