BACKGROUND:Induced abortion via dilation and evacuation (D&E) typically involves cervical preparation. Some clinicians also induce fetal death in the second trimester. We designed this study to determine if the combination of intra-amniotic digoxin and osmotic dilators induced intrauterine inflammatory changes. STUDY DESIGN:Twenty-two women requesting abortion at 19-23 weeks gestation had amniotic fluid sent for measurement of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), white blood cell (WBC) count and anaerobic and aerobic cultures on day 1, before dilators and digoxin amnioinjection. Sampling was repeated on Day 2, prior to D&E. RESULTS:All subjects had significantly elevated IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in the amniotic fluid on Day 2. The median difference for IL-6 was 19,893.4 pg/mL (p<.0001), 7040.7 pg/mL (p<.0001) for IL-8 and 181.0 pg/mL (p<.0001) for TNF-α. There was no significant difference in WBC count. There were no clinically significant positive cultures and no clinical infections. CONCLUSION:The administration of intra-amniotic digoxin and the placement of osmotic dilators prior to D&E create an intrauterine inflammatory response.