The cornea and the skin are both organs that provide the outer barrier of the body. Both tissues have developed intrinsic mechanisms that protect the organism from a wide range of external threats, but at the same time also enable rapid restoration of tissue integrity and organ-specific function. The easy accessibility makes the skin an attractive model system to study tissue damage and repair. Findings from skin research have contributed to unravelling novel fundamental principles in regenerative biology and the repair of other epithelial-mesenchymal tissues, such as the cornea. Following barrier disruption, the influx of inflammatory cells, myofibroblast differentiation, extracellular matrix synthesis and scar formation present parallel repair mechanisms in cornea and skin wound healing. Yet, capillary sprouting, while pivotal in proper skin wound healing, is a process that is rather associated with pathological repair of the cornea. Understanding the parallels and differences of the cellular and molecular networks that coordinate the wound healing response in skin and cornea are likely of mutual importance for both organs with regard to the development of regenerative therapies and understanding of the disease pathologies that affect epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Here, we review the principal events in corneal wound healing and the mechanisms to restore corneal transparency and barrier function. We also refer to skin repair mechanisms and their potential implications for regenerative processes in the cornea.

译文

角膜和皮肤都是提供身体外部屏障的器官。两种组织都已经开发出内在机制,可以保护生物体免受广泛的外部威胁,但同时也可以快速恢复组织完整性和器官特异性功能。易接近性使皮肤成为研究组织损伤和修复的有吸引力的模型系统。皮肤研究的发现有助于揭示再生生物学的新基本原理以及其他上皮间质组织 (例如角膜) 的修复。屏障破坏后,炎症细胞的流入,成肌纤维细胞的分化,细胞外基质的合成和疤痕的形成在角膜和皮肤伤口愈合中呈现平行的修复机制。然而,毛细血管发芽虽然在适当的皮肤伤口愈合中起着关键作用,但它与角膜的病理修复相当相关。了解协调皮肤和角膜伤口愈合反应的细胞和分子网络的平行和差异,对于再生疗法的发展和对影响上皮-间充质相互作用的疾病病理的理解,对于两个器官可能具有相互重要性。在这里,我们回顾了角膜伤口愈合的主要事件以及恢复角膜透明度和屏障功能的机制。我们还提到皮肤修复机制及其对角膜再生过程的潜在影响。

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