Organoarsenic arsanilic acid (ASA) contamination of paddy soil is a serious but less concerned hazard to agriculture and health of people consuming rice as staple food, for rice is one major pathway of arsenic (As) exposure to human food. To date little research has studied the effect of ASA on biochemical process of rice. Silicon (Si) application is able to reduce the toxicities of heavy metals in numerous plants, but little information about ASA. This work investigated whether and how Si influenced alleviation of ASA toxicity in rice at biochemical level to have a better understanding of defense mechanism by Si against ASA stress. Results showed that ASA reduced rice growth, disturbed protein metabolism, increased lipid peroxidation but decreased the efficiencies of antioxidant activities compared to control plants, more severe in roots than in shoots. The addition of Si in ASA-stressed rice plants noticeably increased growth and development as well as soluble protein contents, but decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in ASA-stressed rice plants, suggesting that Si did have critical roles in ASA detoxification in rice. Furthermore, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities along with elevated glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA) contents implied the active involvement of ROS scavenging and played, at least in part, to Si-mediated alleviation of ASA toxicity in rice, and these changes were related to rice genotypes and tissues. The study provided physio-chemical mechanistic evidence on the beneficial effect of Si on organoarsenic ASA toxicity in rice seedlings.

译文

水稻土中的有机砷酸 (ASA) 污染是一种严重但对食用大米作为主食的人的农业和健康危害较小,因为大米是砷 (as) 暴露于人类食物的主要途径之一。迄今为止,很少有研究研究ASA对水稻生化过程的影响。硅 (Si) 的应用能够降低许多植物中重金属的毒性,但有关ASA的信息很少。这项工作调查了Si是否以及如何在生化水平上影响水稻中ASA毒性的缓解,以更好地了解Si对ASA胁迫的防御机制。结果表明,与对照植物相比,ASA降低了水稻的生长,干扰了蛋白质代谢,增加了脂质过氧化,但降低了抗氧化活性的效率,根比芽更严重。在ASA胁迫的水稻植物中添加Si可显着增加生长和发育以及可溶性蛋白质含量,但降低了ASA胁迫的水稻植物中丙二醛 (MDA) 的含量,这表明Si确实在水稻ASA解毒中起着关键作用。此外,超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD),过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 和过氧化物酶 (POD) 活性的增加以及谷胱甘肽 (GSH) 和抗坏血酸 (AsA) 含量的升高暗示了ROS清除的积极参与,至少部分发挥了作用Si介导的水稻ASA毒性的减轻,这些变化与水稻的基因型和组织有关。该研究为Si对水稻幼苗中有机砷ASA毒性的有益作用提供了理化机理证据。

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