Following the occurrence of metal fume fever in some subjects after the installation of an electric furnace in a steel plant, a survey was undertaken to examine whether subjects exposed to fumes containing zinc oxide would exhibit a detectable impairment in ventilatory function, and whether a forced oscillation technique (FOT) was more suited for this detection than conventional spirometry. Pulmonary function measurements were made in 57 exposed workers (production or maintenance) and 55 nonexposed workers (maintenance or strandcasting department) at the beginning and near the end of a work shift (day or night). Maximal expiratory volumes and flows were measured by means of a pneumotachograph, and respiratory resistance (Rrs) and reactance at various frequencies by means of a FOT. These measurements were repeated 1 day later. During the day shift, there were no significant differences in pulmonary function between exposed and control workers. However, during the night shift, an influence of exposure on pulmonary function was revealed both by spirometry and by FOT: workers exposed at night showed a slight decrease in vital capacity (VC) and in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and a decline in respiratory resistance (Rrs) with oscillation frequency, that were more marked than in unexposed subjects. In contrast to the frequency dependence of Rrs, the changes of lung volumes and expiratory flows were related to differences in initial values between exposed and nonexposed workers. The decrease in FEV1 was maintained the day after exposure. The forced oscillation technique proved at least as sensitive as spirometry to detect small across-shift changes in ventilatory function. Although the effects on pulmonary function were small, it is likely that they represent a subclinical response to the inhalation of small quantities of zinc oxide.

译文

在钢铁厂安装电炉后,某些受试者发生金属烟雾发热后,进行了一项调查,以检查暴露于含有氧化锌的烟气中的受试者是否会表现出可检测到的通气功能障碍,以及强制振荡技术 (FOT) 是否比传统的肺活量测定法更适合这种检测。在轮班开始和接近结束时 (白天或晚上),对57名暴露的工人 (生产或维护) 和55名非暴露的工人 (维护或施放部门) 进行了肺功能测量。通过呼吸速度描记器测量最大呼气量和流量,并通过FOT测量各种频率下的呼吸阻力 (Rrs) 和电抗。1天后重复这些测量。在白班期间,暴露和对照工人之间的肺功能没有显着差异。然而,在夜班期间,通过肺活量测定和FOT揭示了暴露对肺功能的影响: 夜间暴露的工人在一秒钟内显示肺活量 (VC) 和用力呼气量 (FEV1) 略有下降,呼吸阻力 (Rrs) 随振荡频率的下降,比未暴露的受试者更明显。与Rrs的频率依赖性相反,肺容积和呼气流量的变化与暴露和非暴露工人之间的初始值差异有关。暴露后第二天保持FEV1的下降。事实证明,强制振荡技术至少与肺活量测定法一样灵敏,可以检测通气功能的小跨移位变化。尽管对肺功能的影响很小,但它们很可能代表了对吸入少量氧化锌的亚临床反应。

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