Alteration in lung function at high altitude influences exercise capacity, worsens hypoxia, and may predispose to high-altitude illness. The effect of high altitude on lung function and mechanisms responsible for these alterations remain unclear. Seven adult male mountaineers were followed prospectively during a climbing expedition to Mount Everest, Nepal. Measurements of spirometry and respiratory muscle function were performed for the duration of the expedition, during changes in altitude between 3450 and 7200 meters (m). Measurements included the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)), maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) in 12 seconds, maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and respiratory muscle endurance (Tlim). At an altitude of 3450 m, the FVC initially increased (9%) over 24 h, followed by a significant decline; the FEV(1), MVV, MIP, and MEP showed similar progressive decline. At 5350 m, FVC increased by 21% over the first 48 h, then decreased. The FVC, FEV(1), MVV, MIP, and MEP initially increased and then gradually diminished over time. Respiratory muscle endurance (Tlim) decreased over the first three days at 3450 m but then remained unchanged. MVV decreased at lower altitude followed by a slight increase and then a significant decline. Compared with baseline, we observed a fluctuating course for spirometric measurements, respiratory muscle strength, and endurance at high altitude. Initial transient increases in parameters occurred on ascent to each new altitude followed by a gradual decline during prolonged stay.

译文

高原肺功能的改变会影响运动能力,加剧缺氧,并可能导致高原疾病。高海拔对肺功能的影响以及导致这些改变的机制尚不清楚。在尼泊尔珠穆朗玛峰的一次攀登探险中,有七名成年男性登山者被追踪。在3450至7200米 (m) 的高度变化期间,在考察期间进行了肺活量测定和呼吸肌功能的测量。测量包括强制肺活量 (FVC),1秒强制呼气量 (FEV(1)),12秒最大自愿通气 (MVV),最大吸气压力 (MIP),最大呼气压力 (MEP) 和呼吸肌耐力 (Tlim)。在海拔3450 m处,FVC最初在24小时内增加 (9%),随后显着下降; FEV(1),MVV,MIP和MEP显示出类似的进行性下降。在5350 m处,FVC在最初的48小时内增加了21%,然后降低。FVC、FEV(1) 、MVV、MIP和MEP最初增加,然后随着时间的推移逐渐减少。在3450 m的前三天,呼吸肌耐力 (Tlim) 降低,但随后保持不变。MVV在较低的高度下降,随后略有增加,然后显着下降。与基线相比,我们观察到高空肺活量测量,呼吸肌力量和耐力的波动过程。参数的初始瞬态增加发生在上升到每个新高度时,随后在长时间停留期间逐渐下降。

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