The history of the blood pressure (BP) concept and measurements is described. Many scientists were involved. Among them, major triumphs were achieved by William Harvey during the early 1600s who announced that there is a finite amount of blood that circulated the body in one direction only. In the mid-1700s, Reverend Stephen Hales reported the first invasive measurement in horses and smaller animals. Poiseuille introduced in the early 1800s the mercury hydrodynometer and the mmHg units. Karl von-Vierordt described in 1855 that with enough pressure, the arterial pulse could be obliterated. He also created the sphygmograph, a pulse recorder usable for routine non-invasive monitoring on humans. In 1881, von Basch created the sphygmomanometer and the first non-invasive BP measurements. However, in 1896, Scipione Riva-Rocci developed further the mercury sphygmomanometer, almost as we know it today. The sphygmomanometer could only be used to determine the systolic BP. Observing the pulse disappearance via palpitation would only allow the measuring physician to observe the point when the artery was fully constricted. Nikolai Korotkoff was the first to observe the sounds made by the constriction of the artery in 1905.

译文

:描述了血压(BP)概念和测量的历史。许多科学家参与其中。其中,威廉·哈维(William Harvey)在1600年代初期取得了重大胜利,他宣布只有有限量的血液在一个方向上循环。 1700年代中期,斯蒂芬·海尔斯牧师报告了首次对马和较小动物进行的侵入性测量。 Poiseuille在1800年代初推出了汞水力计和mmHg单位。卡尔·冯·维尔多特(Karl von-Vierordt)在1855年描述过,只要压力足够大,动脉脉搏就会被消除。他还创建了血压计,这是一种脉搏记录仪,可用于对人类进行常规无创监测。 1881年,冯·巴什(von Basch)创建了血压计和首个非侵入性BP测量仪。但是,在1896年,Scipione Riva-Rocci进一步开发了水银血压计,几乎就是我们今天所知道的。血压计只能用于确定收缩压。通过心跳观察脉搏消失只会让测量医师观察到动脉完全收缩的时间点。尼古拉·科罗特科夫(Nikolai Korotkoff)最早在1905年观察到动脉收缩产生的声音。

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