The interaction of chitosan and polyamines (PAs) could be involved mitigating drought stress in white clover (Trifolium repens L.). This research aimed to determine the effect of chitosan and PAs, and co-application of chitosan and PAs on improving drought tolerance associated with growth, phytohormones, polyamines and antioxidant metabolism. Plants were pretreated with or without 1gL-1 chitosan, 0.5mM spermine, or 1gL-1 chitosan+0.5mM spermine, then subjected to drought induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 (-0.5MPa) in growth chambers for 14 days. Exogenous chitosan and spermine improved the level of PAs by regulating arginine decarboxylases, S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase, copper-containing amine oxidase and polyamine oxidase activity, and expression of the genes encoding these enzymes under drought. Application of exogenous chitosan improved ABA content under normal and drought conditions. In addition, chitosan and spermine significantly enhanced the levels of cytokinin and GA, but reduced IAA levels during drought stress. Exogenous chitosan and spermine improved antioxidant defence, including enzyme activity, gene expression and the content of ascorbate and glutathione compounds, leading to a decline in superoxide anion radicals, H2O2 and malondialdehyde, effectively mitigating drought-induced oxidative damage. Other protective metabolites, such as total phenols and flavonoids, increased considerably under application of chitosan and spermine. These results suggest that chitosan-induced drought tolerance could be involved in PA metabolism, changes in endogenous phytohormones and antioxidant defence in white clover. Co-application of chitosan and spermine was more effective than either chitosan or spermine alone in mitigating drought stress.

译文

:壳聚糖和多胺(PAs)的相互作用可能与减轻白三叶草(Trifolium repens L.)的干旱胁迫有关。这项研究旨在确定壳聚糖和PA的作用,并共同应用壳聚糖和PA在改善与生长,植物激素,多胺和抗氧化剂代谢有关的耐旱性方面。用或不使用1gL-1壳聚糖,0.5mM精胺或1gL-1壳聚糖0.5mM精胺对植物进行预处理,然后在生长室中使其受到聚乙二醇(PEG)6000(-0.5MPa)诱导的干旱14天。外来的壳聚糖和精胺可通过调节精氨酸脱羧酶,S-腺苷甲硫氨酸脱羧酶,含铜的胺氧化酶和聚胺氧化酶的活性以及干旱条件下编码这些酶的基因的表达来改善PA的水平。在正常和干旱条件下,外源壳聚糖的应用可提高ABA含量。此外,壳聚糖和精胺显着提高了细胞分裂素和GA的水平,但在干旱胁迫下降低了IAA的水平。外源壳聚糖和精胺提高了抗氧化防御能力,包括酶活性,基因表达以及抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽化合物的含量,导致超氧阴离子自由基,H2O2和丙二醛的减少,有效减轻了干旱引起的氧化损伤。在施用壳聚糖和精胺后,其他保护性代谢物(例如总酚和类黄酮)显着增加。这些结果表明,壳聚糖诱导的干旱耐受性可能与白三叶草的PA代谢,内源性植物激素的变化和抗氧化防御有关。共同使用壳聚糖和精胺比单独使用壳聚糖或精胺在缓解干旱胁迫方面更有效。

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