In the developing mammalian central nervous system astrocytes have been proposed as an important substrate for axon growth. In the adult central nervous system following injury, astrocytes are a major component of the gliotic response which has been proposed to block axon growth. Experimental transplantation studies using cultured astrocytes have suggested that immature but not mature cultured astrocytes have the capacity to support axon outgrowth when transplanted into the adult rodent CNS. These observations suggest that astrocyte maturation is accompanied by changes in the functional capacity of these cells to support axon outgrowth. To determine whether this functional change reflects an intrisic astrocyte property, the extent and molecular bases of neurite outgrowth from embryonic rat cortical and chick retinal neurons on cultures of purified immature and mature astrocytes have been compared in vitro. The rate and extent of neurite outgrowth from both neuronal populations are consistently greater over the surface of immature than over the surface of mature astrocytes. Furthermore, antibodies to NCAM and G4/L1 significantly reduce neurite outgrowth on immature but not mature astrocytes, while antibodies to the integrin B1 receptor reduced outgrowth on both immature and, to a lesser extent, mature astrocytes. These results suggest that in vitro mature astrocytes have a reduced capacity and different molecular bases for supporting neurite outgrowth compared to immature astrocytes and are consistent with the proposal that functional changes during astrocyte maturation may partially contribute to regulating axon growth in the mammalian CNS.

译文

:在发展中的哺乳动物中枢神经系统中,星形胶质细胞已被提议作为轴突生长的重要底物。在损伤后的成年中枢神经系统中,星形胶质细胞是神经胶质反应的主要成分,已被提议阻断轴突的生长。使用培养的星形胶质细胞进行的实验性移植研究表明,当移植到成年啮齿动物中枢神经系统中时,未成熟但不是成熟的培养星形胶质细胞具有支持轴突生长的能力。这些观察结果表明,星形胶质细胞的成熟伴随着这些细胞支持轴突生长的功能能力的变化。为了确定这种功能变化是否反映了内在的星形胶质细胞特性,在体外比较了纯化的未成熟和成熟的星形胶质细胞培养物中胚胎大鼠皮层和鸡视网膜神经元神经突生长的程度和分子基础。来自两个神经元群体的神经突向外生长的速率和程度在未成熟的表面上始终比在成熟的星形胶质细胞表面上大。此外,针对NCAM和G4 / L1的抗体可显着减少未成熟但未成熟的星形胶质细胞上的神经突生长,而针对整联蛋白B1受体的抗体则可减少未成熟的星形胶质细胞(在较小程度上)减少的星形胶质细胞的生长。这些结果表明,与不成熟的星形胶质细胞相比,体外成熟的星形胶质细胞具有降低的能力和支持神经突生长的不同分子基础,并且与在星形胶质细胞成熟过程中功能改变可能部分有助于调节哺乳动物中枢神经系统中轴突生长的提议相一致。

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