From the time of its introduction as a clinical tool in the early 1970s, efforts have been made to use echocardiography to characterize the atrium and its function as these relate to attempted cardioversion and embolic risk. M-mode and 2-D echo studies suggest left atrial size is not a definitive determinant of the potential for successful cardioversion. Doppler studies show that atrial function can take weeks to recover postcardioversion, accounting in part for the delayed embolic risk. TEE is particularly effective at detecting atrial thrombi and shows that slow velocities in the atrium and appendage are an important risk factor for embolism and clot. All are associated with the finding of spontaneous echo contrast and atrial stunning postcardioversion. The ultimate role of TEE in management is not yet fully defined. The insights these and other studies provide to our understanding of atrial physiology and the appropriate management of atrial fibrillation are reviewed.

译文

:自1970年代初将其引入临床以来,人们就一直在努力使用超声心动图来表征心房及其功能,因为它们与尝试的心脏复律和栓塞风险有关。 M型和二维回声研究表明,左心房大小不是成功复律潜力的决定性因素。多普勒研究表明,心房功能可能需要数周的时间才能恢复原位复律,部分原因是延迟的栓塞风险。 TEE在检测心房血栓方面特别有效,并且显示出心房和附件的速度缓慢是栓塞和血栓形成的重要危险因素。所有这些都与自发的回声对比和心房惊厥性复律的发现有关。 TEE在管理中的最终作用尚未完全定义。这些研究和其他研究为我们对心房生理的理解提供了见识,并对房颤的适当管理进行了综述。

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