By use of nonparametric rate smoothing and nucleotide sequences of the rbcL gene, divergence times in Lycopodiaceae are estimated. The results show that much extant species diversity in Lycopodiaceae stems from relatively recent cladogenic events. These results corroborate previous ideas based on paleobotanical and biogeographical data. Previous molecular phylogenetic analyses recognized a split into neotropical and paleotropical clades in Huperzia, which contains 85-90% of all living species. Connecting this biogeographical pattern with continent movements, the diversification of this epiphytic group was suggested to coincide with that of angiosperms in the mid to Late Cretaceous. Results presented here are consistent with this idea, and the diversification of the two clades is resolved as Late Cretacous (78 and 95 Myr). In the related genera Lycopodium and Lycopodiella, the patterns are somewhat different. Here species diversity is scattered among different subgeneric groups. Most of the high-diversity subgeneric groups seem to have diversified very recently (Late Tertiary), whereas the cladogenic events leading to these groups are much older (Early to Late Cretaceous). Our analysis shows that, although much living species diversity stems from relatively recent cladogenesis, the origins of the family (Early Carboniferous) and generic crown groups (Early Permian to Early Jurassic) are much more ancient events.

译文

:通过使用非参数速率平滑和rbcL基因的核苷酸序列,可以估计番茄科的发散时间。结果表明,番茄科中许多现存的物种多样性源于相对较近的成枝事件。这些结果证实了基于古植物学和生物地理学数据的先前观点。先前的分子系统发育分析认为,石杉属分为新热带和古热带进化枝,其中包含所有活物种的85-90%。将此生物地理模式与大陆运动联系起来,表明该附生类群的多样性与白垩纪中晚期的被子植物相吻合。这里介绍的结果与这个想法是一致的,两个进化枝的多样性被解析为白垩纪晚期(78和95 Myr)。在相关的石蒜属和石蒜属中,模式有所不同。在这里,物种多样性散布在不同的亚属群之间。大多数高度多样性的亚属群似乎最近才多样化(第三纪晚期),而导致这些群体的成岩事件则要早得多(早至白垩纪晚期)。我们的分析表明,尽管许多生物物种的多样性起源于相对较新的近生,但该家族(早期石炭纪)和普通冠群(早二叠纪到侏罗纪早期)的起源却要古老得多。

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