The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of programmed and intensified intervention on lifestyle changes, including physical activity, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and diet, in patients aged ≥ 65 with the usual care of general practitioners (GP). In this multicenter randomized controlled trial, 738 patients aged ≥ 65 were randomly assigned to receive intensified intervention (N = 371) or usual care (N = 367) of a GP for lifestyle changes, with 18-month follow-up. The main outcome measures were physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and diet. The study was conducted in 59 general practices in Croatia between May 2008 and May 2010. The patients' mean age was 72.3 ± 5.2 years. Significant diet correction was achieved after 18-month follow-up in the intervention group, comparing to controls. More patients followed strictly Mediterranean diet and consumed healthy foods more frequently. There was no significant difference between the groups in physical activity, tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption or diet after the intervention. In conclusion, an 18-month intensified GP's intervention had limited effect on lifestyle habits. GP intervention managed to change dietary habits in elderly population, which is encouraging since elderly population is very resistant regarding lifestyle habit changes. Clinical trial registration number. ISRCTN31857696.

译文

:该研究的目的是比较在65岁以上且由普通医生(GP)照料的患者中,对生活方式改变(包括体育锻炼,吸烟,饮酒和饮食)进行有计划的强化干预的有效性。在这项多中心随机对照试验中,随机分配了738名年龄≥65岁的患者接受GP的强化干预(N = 371)或常规护理(N = 367)来改变生活方式,并进行18个月的随访。主要结果指标是体育锻炼,吸烟,饮酒和饮食。该研究于2008年5月至2010年5月间在克罗地亚的59种常规实践中进行。患者的平均年龄为72.3±5.2岁。与对照组相比,干预组18个月的随访后饮食获得了明显的纠正。越来越多的患者严格遵循地中海饮食,并且更频繁地食用健康食品。干预后,两组的身体活动,吸烟,饮酒或饮食之间无显着差异。总之,为期18个月的GP强化干预对生活习惯的影响有限。全科医生干预设法改变了老年人的饮食习惯,这是令人鼓舞的,因为老年人对生活方式的改变非常有抵抗力。临床试验注册号。 ISRCTN31857696。

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