Chronic sleep restriction is a common experience; and while it has negative physiological effects, little is known about how it affects human behavior. To date, no study has investigated whether chronic sleep restriction can influence implicit attitudes (e.g., towards a race). Here, in a randomized, counterbalanced crossover design, we subjected participants to 3 weeks of chronic sleep restriction in the lab (i.e., 3 weekly cycles of 5 nights of 4 hours of sleep per night followed by 2 nights of 8 hours of sleep) and found evidence for an increased negative implicit bias towards Arab Muslims. No indicators of an implicit bias were found in these same individuals when they were rested (during a counterbalanced 3-week period of 8 hours time in bed per night). These findings suggest that chronic sleep restriction may "unmask" implicit racial or ethnic biases that are otherwise inhibited when in a rested state. Because chronic sleep restriction is prevalent among many occupations that routinely interact with ethnic minorities in potentially high-conflict situations (e.g., police officers), it is critical to consider the role that restricted sleep may play in exacerbating negative implicit attitudes and their potential for provoking unintentional and potentially harmful behavioral consequences.

译文

:长期睡眠受限是一种常见的经历;尽管它具有负面的生理作用,但对其如何影响人类行为知之甚少。迄今为止,尚无研究调查慢性睡眠限制是否会影响内在态度(例如,对种族的态度)。在这里,在随机,平衡的分频设计中,我们在实验室中对参与者进行了3周的慢性睡眠限制(即每周3个周期,即每晚4个小时的5夜睡眠,然后是2个小时的8个小时的夜睡眠)。发现证据表明,对阿拉伯穆斯林的负面内在偏见有所增加。在这些人休息时(在平衡的3周内,每晚卧床时间为8小时),没有发现隐性偏见的迹象。这些发现表明,长期睡眠限制可能会“掩盖”内在的种族或种族偏见,而这些偏见在休息状态下会受到抑制。由于慢性睡眠限制在许多潜在的高冲突情况下通常与少数族裔互动的职业中很普遍(例如,警务人员),因此必须考虑限制睡眠可能在加剧负面的内隐态度和挑衅中扮演的角色。意外和潜在有害的行为后果。

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