Theoretical frameworks positing qualitatively distinct trajectories of posttrauma outcome have received initial empirical support, but have not been investigated in cases of severe interpersonal trauma. To address this limitation, we conducted latent class growth analysis with longitudinal data collected from 119 female sexual assault survivors at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-months postassault. Participants' mean age was 33 years; 63% were White. We hypothesized that given the severity of exposure associated with sexual assault, resilience would not be the modal course of adaptation. Four distinct PTSD growth trajectories, representing unique latent classes of participants, best fit the data: a high chronic trajectory, a moderate chronic trajectory, a moderate recovery trajectory, and a marked recovery trajectory. Contrary to previous studies and recent theoretical models, resilience and resistance trajectories were not observed, as high levels of distress were evident in nearly all participants at 1-month postassault. These results suggest that theoretical models of posttrauma response positing resilience as the modal outcome may not generalize to cases of sexual assault.

译文

:创伤后结局的定性定性理论框架已经获得了初步的经验支持,但是在严重的人际交往中并未进行过研究。为了解决这一局限性,我们利用在攻击后1个月,2个月,3个月和4个月内从119名女性性侵犯幸存者那里收集的纵向数据进行了潜伏类增长分析。参与者的平均年龄为33岁; 63%是白人。我们假设,鉴于与性侵犯相关的暴露严重性,适应力将不是适应的模态过程。代表独特潜在参与者类别的四种不同的PTSD生长轨迹最适合该数据:高慢性轨迹,中度慢性轨迹,中度恢复轨迹和明显的恢复轨迹。与先前的研究和最新的理论模型相反,未观察到复原力和抵抗力的轨迹,因为在袭击后1个月内几乎所有参与者中都表现出很高的苦恼程度。这些结果表明,创伤后反应的理论模型将复原力作为模态结果,可能无法推广到性侵犯案件中。

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