BACKGROUND:Choline is essential for fetal brain development, and it is not known whether a typical American diet contains enough choline to ensure optimal brain development. OBJECTIVE:The study was undertaken to determine whether supplementing pregnant women with phosphatidylcholine (the main dietary source of choline) improves the cognitive abilities of their offspring. DESIGN:In a double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 140 pregnant women were randomly assigned to receive supplemental phosphatidylcholine (750 mg) or a placebo (corn oil) from 18 wk gestation through 90 d postpartum. Their infants (n = 99) were tested for short-term visuospatial memory, long-term episodic memory, language development, and global development at 10 and 12 mo of age. RESULTS:The women studied ate diets that delivered ∼360 mg choline/d in foods (∼80% of the recommended intake for pregnant women, 65% of the recommended intake for lactating women). The phosphatidylcholine supplements were well tolerated. Groups did not differ significantly in global development, language development, short-term visuospatial memory, or long-term episodic memory. CONCLUSIONS:Phosphatidylcholine supplementation of pregnant women eating diets containing moderate amounts of choline did not enhance their infants' brain function. It is possible that a longer follow-up period would reveal late-emerging effects. Moreover, future studies should determine whether supplementing mothers eating diets much lower in choline content, such as those consumed in several low-income countries, would enhance infant brain development.

译文

背景:胆碱对胎儿脑部发育至关重要,尚不清楚典型的美国饮食中是否含有足够的胆碱以确保最佳的脑部发育。
目的:本研究旨在确定孕妇补充磷脂酰胆碱(胆碱的主要饮食来源)是否能改善其后代的认知能力。
设计:在一项双盲,随机对照试验中,从怀孕18周到产后90天,随机分配了140名孕妇接受补充磷脂酰胆碱(750毫克)或安慰剂(玉米油)。他们的婴儿(n = 99)在10和12个月大时接受了短期视觉空间记忆,长期情境记忆,语言发展和整体发展的测试。
结果:这些妇女所研究的饮食中,食物中的胆碱/日摄入量约为360毫克/天(孕妇的推荐摄入量约为80%,哺乳期妇女的推荐摄入量约为65%)。磷脂酰胆碱补充剂的耐受性良好。在全球发展,语言发展,短期视觉空间记忆或长期情境记忆方面,各组没有显着差异。
结论:孕妇食用含适量胆碱饮食的磷脂酰胆碱不能增强婴儿的脑功能。较长的随访期可能会显示出较晚出现的影响。此外,未来的研究应确定补充食用胆碱含量低得多的饮食的母亲(如在几个低收入国家食用的饮食)是否会增强婴儿的大脑发育。

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