BACKGROUND:Integrating plant genomics and classical breeding is a challenge for both plant breeders and molecular biologists. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is a tool that can be used to accelerate the development of novel apple varieties such as cultivars that have fruit with anthocyanin through to the core. In addition, determining the inheritance of novel alleles, such as the one responsible for red flesh, adds to our understanding of allelic variation. Our goal was to map candidate anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory genes in a population segregating for the red flesh phenotypes. RESULTS:We have identified the Rni locus, a major genetic determinant of the red foliage and red colour in the core of apple fruit. In a population segregating for the red flesh and foliage phenotype we have determined the inheritance of the Rni locus and DNA polymorphisms of candidate anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory genes. Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the candidate genes were also located on an apple genetic map. We have shown that the MdMYB10 gene co-segregates with the Rni locus and is on Linkage Group (LG) 09 of the apple genome. CONCLUSION:We have performed candidate gene mapping in a fruit tree crop and have provided genetic evidence that red colouration in the fruit core as well as red foliage are both controlled by a single locus named Rni. We have shown that the transcription factor MdMYB10 may be the gene underlying Rni as there were no recombinants between the marker for this gene and the red phenotype in a population of 516 individuals. Associating markers derived from candidate genes with a desirable phenotypic trait has demonstrated the application of genomic tools in a breeding programme of a horticultural crop species.

译文

背景:将植物基因组学与经典育种相结合对植物育种者和分子生物学家都是一个挑战。标记辅助选择(MAS)是一种可用于加速开发新苹果品种的工具,例如具有将花青素带到核心的果实的品种。此外,确定新的等位基因的遗传,例如负责红色肉体的等位基因,可以增加我们对等位基因变异的理解。我们的目标是在分离出红色果肉表型的种群中定位候选花色苷的生物合成和调控基因。
结果:我们确定了Rni基因座,Rni基因座是苹果果实核心红色叶子和红色的主要遗传决定因素。在针对红色肉体和叶子表型进行隔离的种群中,我们确定了Rni基因座的遗传以及候选花色苷生物合成和调节基因的DNA多态性。候选基因中的简单序列重复(SSR)和单核苷酸多态性(SNP)也位于苹果遗传图谱上。我们已经显示,MdMYB10基因与Rni基因座共聚,并且位于苹果基因组的Linkage Group(LG)09上。
结论:我们在果树作物中进行了候选基因定位,并提供了遗传学证据,表明果核中的红色和红色的叶子都受一个名为Rni的基因座控制。我们已经表明,转录因子MdMYB10可能是Rni的基因,因为在516个个体中,该基因的标记与红色表型之间没有重组体。从候选基因衍生的标记与理想的表型性状相关联已证明了基因组工具在园艺作物物种育种程序中的应用。

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