Post-void alarm systems to monitor bedwetting in nocturnal enuresis (NE) have been deemed unsatisfactory. The aim of this study is to develop a safe, comfortable and non-invasive pre-void wearable alarm and associated technologies using advanced mechatronics. Each stage of development includes patient and public involvement and engagement (PPI). The early stages of the development involved children with and without NE (and parents) who were tested at a hospital under the supervision of physicians, radiologists, psychologists, and nurses. The readings of the wearable device were simultaneously compared with B-mode images and measurements, acquired from a conventional ultrasound device, and were found to correlate highly. The results showed that determining imminent voiding need is viable using non-invasive sensors. Following on from "proof of concept," a bespoke advanced mechatronics device has been developed. The device houses custom electronics, an ultrasound system, intelligent software, a user-friendly smartphone application, bedside alarm box, and a dedicated undergarment, along with a self-adhesive gel pad-designed to keep the MEMS sensors aligned with the abdomen. Testing of the device with phantoms and volunteers has been successful in determining bladder volume and associated voiding need. Five miniaturised, and therefore more ergonomic, versions of the device are being developed, with an enabled connection to the cloud platform for location independent control and monitoring. Thereafter, the enhanced device will be tested with children with NE at their homes for 14 weeks, to gain feedback relating to wearability and data collection involving the cloud platform. Graphical Abstract Design of the MyPAD advanced mechatronics system.

译文

:夜间遗尿症(NE)的无效尿道警报系统监测尿床被认为不尽人意。这项研究的目的是使用先进的机电一体化技术开发一种安全,舒适,无创,无创的前空可穿戴式警报器及相关技术。开发的每个阶段都包括患者和公众的参与和参与(PPI)。发展的早期阶段涉及有或没有NE(以及父母)的孩子,他们在医院,医生,放射线师,心理学家和护士的监督下接受了检查。同时将可穿戴设备的读数与从常规超声设备获取的B模式图像和测量值进行比较,发现它们之间具有高度相关性。结果表明,使用非侵入性传感器确定即将到来的排尿需求是可行的。在“概念验证”之后,开发了定制的先进机电一体化设备。该设备包含定制的电子设备,超声系统,智能软件,用户友好的智能手机应用程序,床头报警箱和专用内衣,以及旨在使MEMS传感器与腹部对齐的自粘凝胶垫。用幻像和志愿者对设备进行测试已成功确定了膀胱体积和相关的排尿需求。正在开发该设备的五个小型化,因此更符合人体工程学的版本,并启用了到云平台的连接以进行位置独立的控制和监视。此后,将对患有NE的儿童在家中测试增强型设备14周,以获取有关涉及云平台的可穿戴性和数据收集的反馈。 MyPAD先进机电一体化系统的图形抽象设计。

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