OBJECTIVE:Scale-up of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV programmes in sub-Saharan Africa has stimulated interest to assess whether these programmes can indirectly affect other health priorities. This study assesses whether PMTCT programmes, or components of these programmes, are associated with better obstetrical quality of care and how PMTCT may reinforce existing maternal health programmes. DESIGN:Cross-sectional analysis of data from a cluster-randomized trial called QUARITE. SETTING:Mali and Senegal, West Africa. PARTICIPANTS:Thirty-one referral hospitals and 612 obstetrical patients. INTERVENTION:The exposure of interest was PMTCT measured with a scale containing 10 components describing different prongs of a hospital PMTCT programme. Other variables of interest included: presence of a quality of care improvement programme, hospital resources and patient demographic characteristics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Obstetrical quality of care measured through a validated chart abstraction tool. RESULTS:Of 45 points, the mean hospital PMTCT score was 26.1 (SD: 6.7). Total PMTCT score was not significantly associated with quality of care, but programme component scores were. After adjustment for known predictors of quality of care, staff training in PMTCT (P = 0.03) and complementary nutritional services (P = 0.03) were significantly associated with better quality obstetrical care. A point increase in scores for either of these components was associated with 40% greater odds of good obstetrical care. CONCLUSIONS:PMTCT training and nutritional components are significantly associated with better quality intrapartum care. Health professionals' training in maternal healthcare and PMTCT could be combined to improve the quality of obstetric care in the region.