INTRODUCTION:Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a hazardous component of indoor air, and may increase the risk of respiratory diseases, atherosclerosis and otitis media in children. In this study, we explored the relationship between time inside the house, ETS exposure and urinary cotinine level, and also determined the association of time inside the house on asthma phenotypes when children exposed to ETS. METHODS:A total of 222 asthmatic children and 205 non-asthmatic controls were recruited in the Genetic and Biomarker study for Childhood Asthma (GBCA). Structured questionnaires and time-location pattern questionnaires were administered by face-to-face interview. Urinary cotinine was measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The level of household ETS exposure was assessed using the cotinine/creatinine ratio (CCR). RESULTS:In general, urinary cotinine and CCR were higher in subjects exposed to household ETS than those who never had ETS at home. A significant positive relationship was found between average time inside the house and urinary CCR in asthmatic children with current ETS at home (β=0.278, p=0.02). After adjustment for age and gender, average time inside the house was positively related to severe wheeze in asthmatic children with household ETS within 1 month (OR: 1.26, 95%: 1.02-1.64). CONCLUSIONS:Our study suggests that the major source of ETS exposure for children is due to longer period of exposures among children living with adult smokers at home. Home-smoking restrictions that effectively prevent children from being exposed to ETS would be worthwhile.

译文

简介:环境烟草烟雾(ETS)是室内空气中的有害成分,可能会增加儿童患呼吸道疾病,动脉粥样硬化和中耳炎的风险。在这项研究中,我们探讨了屋内时间,ETS暴露量与尿可替宁水平之间的关系,并确定了屋内时间与儿童暴露于ETS时哮喘表型的相关性。
方法:在儿童哮喘的遗传和生物标志物研究(GBCA)中,共招募了222名哮喘儿童和205名非哮喘控制者。通过面对面访谈来管理结构化问卷和时空模式问卷。尿可替宁通过液相色谱串联质谱法(LC / MS / MS)测定。使用可替宁/肌酐比值(CCR)评估家庭ETS暴露水平。
结果:一般而言,暴露于家庭ETS的受试者的尿中可替宁和CCR高于在家中从未接受过ETS的受试者。在目前在家中有ETS的哮喘儿童中,平均室内时间与尿液CCR之间存在显着的正相关(β= 0.278,p = 0.02)。在调整了年龄和性别之后,在1个月内有家庭ETS的哮喘儿童的室内平均时间与严重喘息呈正相关(OR:1.26,95%:1.02-1.64)。
结论:我们的研究表明,儿童ETS暴露的主要来源是由于在家中有成年吸烟者的儿童中暴露时间更长。有效防止儿童接触ETS的家庭吸烟限制将是值得的。

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