BACKGROUND:Tuberculosis (TB) prevalence is high among Tibetan refugees in India, with almost half of cases occurring in congregate facilities, including schools. A comprehensive program of TB case finding and treatment of TB infection (TBI) was undertaken in schools for Tibetan refugee children. METHODS:Schoolchildren and staff in Tibetan schools in Himachal Pradesh, India, were screened for TB with an algorithm using symptoms, chest radiography, molecular diagnostics, and tuberculin skin testing. Individuals with active TB were treated and those with TBI were offered isoniazid-rifampicin preventive therapy for 3 months. RESULTS:From April 2017 to March 2018, we screened 5391 schoolchildren (median age, 13 years) and 786 staff in 11 Tibetan schools. Forty-six TB cases, including 1 with multidrug resistance, were found in schoolchildren, for a prevalence of 853 per 100 000. Extensively drug-resistant TB was diagnosed in 1 staff member. The majority of cases (66%) were subclinical. TBI was detected in 930 of 5234 (18%) schoolchildren and 334 of 634 (53%) staff who completed testing. Children in boarding schools had a higher prevalence of TBI than children in day schools (915/5020 [18%] vs 15/371 [4%]; P < .01). Preventive therapy was provided to 799 of 888 (90%) schoolchildren and 101 of 332 (30%) staff with TBI; 857 (95%) people successfully completed therapy. CONCLUSIONS:TB prevalence is extremely high among Tibetan schoolchildren. Effective active case finding and a high uptake and completion of preventive therapy for children were achieved. With leadership and community mobilization, TB control is implementable on a population level.

译文

背景:在印度的藏族难民中,结核病的发病率很高,几乎一半的病例发生在包括学校在内的聚集场所中。在针对藏族难民儿童的学校中,开展了一项全面的结核病病例发现和结核病感染治疗方案(TBI)。
方法:采用症状,胸部X线照相,分子诊断和结核菌素皮肤测试等算法,对印度喜马al尔邦藏族学校的学童和工作人员进行了结核病筛查。对患有活动性结核病的患者进行了治疗,对患有TBI的患者进行了异烟肼-利福平的预防治疗,为期3个月。
结果:从2017年4月到2018年3月,我们在11所藏族学校中筛选了5391名学龄儿童(中位年龄13岁)和786名教职员工。在小学生中发现了46例TB病例,包括1例具有多药耐药性,患病率为每10万人853人。在1名工作人员中诊断出广泛耐药的TB。大多数病例(66%)是亚临床的。在完成测试的5234名学童中,有930名(18%)和634名(53%)工作人员中有334名检测到TBI。寄宿学校的儿童患TBI的比例高于日间学校的儿童(915/5020 [18%]对15/371 [4%]; P <.01)。为888名TBI学生中的799名(90%)和332名(30%)工作人员中的101名提供了预防性治疗; 857(95%)人成功完成了治疗。
结论:藏族学童的结核病患病率极高。实现了有效的主动病例发现以及对儿童的高度吸收并完成了预防性治疗。通过领导和社区动员,结核病控制可在人群水平上实施。

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