Recent evidence suggests that between-individual variation in posture and posture transitions may have important health consequences in adults. The early life development of between-individual variation in posture and posture transitions has not been studied, and the physiological consequences of such variations in childhood are unknown, largely because of the absence of objective methods for measuring posture and posture transitions in young children. This study aimed to examine the objective measurement of posture transitions in pre-school children with the activPAL™ monitor (PAL Technologies, Glasgow). Single-unit activity monitors such as the activPAL™ have a limited output, with data categorized as 'sit/lie', 'stand' or 'walk' and the consequences of this for measurement of posture transitions in young children are unknown. Thirty children (mean age 4.1 years) were videoed for 1 h in nursery while wearing an activPAL™. Video was analysed on a second-by-second basis, with all postures categorized. From direct observation, time spent was sit/lie 46%; stand 35%; walk/run 16%; 3% was spent in heterogeneous non-sit/lie/upright postures (crawl, crouch, and kneel up). Despite these 'non-standard' postures being responsible for a low proportion of time, posture transitions involving them contributed to 34% of total transitions. There was a significant rank-order correlation (r = 0.79, p < 0.0001) between the number of posture transitions measured by activPAL™ and by direct observation. 'Non-standard' postures in young children are probably not a problem if the aim is to measure total time sedentary or active, and the activPAL™ may measure between-individual variation in transitions adequately in young children. However, non-standard postures may present problems for the detailed characterization of posture transitions in early childhood.

译文

:最近的证据表明,个体之间的姿势变化和姿势转变可能对成年人产生重要的健康后果。尚未研究个体之间姿势和姿势转变之间的早期变化,并且这种变化对儿童的生理后果尚不清楚,这在很大程度上是由于缺乏测量幼儿姿势和姿势转变的客观方法。这项研究旨在通过activPAL™监测器(PAL Technologies,格拉斯哥)检查学龄前儿童姿势转变的客观测量。诸如activPAL™之类的单单元活动监视器的输出有限,其数据分为“坐/躺”,“站立”或“步行”,其对于测量幼儿姿势转变的后果尚不清楚。戴着activPAL™的30名儿童(平均年龄4.1岁)在托儿所接受了1小时的录像。每秒对视频进行分析,并对所有姿势进行分类。根据直接观察,花费的时间为坐下/躺下46%;站立35%;步行/跑步16%; 3%的人花费在不同的不坐/躺/直立姿势(爬行,蹲下和跪着)上。尽管这些“非标准”姿势只占很短的时间比例,但涉及它们的姿势转换却占了总转换的34%。通过activPAL™和直接观察测得的姿势转换次数之间存在显着的等级相关性(r = 0.79,p <0.0001)。如果目的是测量久坐或活动的总时间,则幼儿的“非标准”姿势可能不是问题,而activPAL™可以适当地测量幼儿的个体间转换差异。但是,非标准的姿势可能会给幼儿早期姿势过渡的详细表征带来问题。

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