Recourse to litigation and positive judicial interventions is one of the most effective tools to meet public health objectives. The present review envisions compiling litigation and judicial measures in Southeast Asia Region (SEAR) while assessing their role in advancing smokeless tobacco (SLT) control, and equally highlighting, how tobacco industry has used litigation to undermine tobacco control efforts in the Region. The litigation, especially from the SEAR, up to 2017, that have facilitated SLT control or have been used by the tobacco industry to challenge an SLT control policy decision were reviewed. Most of the litigation related to SLT control from the Region are on pictorial health warnings. Bhutan has imposed a complete prohibition on sale, manufacture and import of all kinds of tobacco products and the litigation there relates to the prosecution of offenders for violating the ban. Judiciary in the Region is well informed about the ill-effects of tobacco use and remains positive to tobacco control initiatives in the interest of public health. In India, several SLT-specific litigation helped in better regulation of SLT products in the country. Litigation has compelled governments for effective enforcement of the domestic tobacco control laws and the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). Parties to the WHO FCTC must now use Treaty Article 19 to strengthen their legal procedures and make the tobacco industry liable, for both criminal and civil wrongs.

译文

诉诸诉讼和积极的司法干预是实现公共卫生目标的最有效工具之一。本审查设想汇编东南亚地区 (SEAR) 的诉讼和司法措施,同时评估其在推进无烟烟草 (SLT) 控制中的作用,并同样强调烟草业如何利用诉讼破坏该地区的烟草控制努力。审查了诉讼,特别是来自2017年的SEAR的诉讼,这些诉讼促进了SLT控制或被烟草业用来质疑SLT控制政策决定。该地区与SLT控制有关的大多数诉讼都是关于图片健康警告的。不丹完全禁止销售、制造和进口各种烟草制品,那里的诉讼涉及起诉违反禁令的罪犯。该地区的司法机构充分了解烟草使用的不良影响,并对出于公共卫生利益的烟草控制举措保持积极态度。在印度,几起针对SLT的诉讼有助于更好地监管该国的SLT产品。诉讼迫使各国政府有效执行国内烟草控制法和《世卫组织烟草控制框架公约》 (FCTC)。世卫组织烟草控制框架公约的缔约方现在必须使用条约第19条来加强其法律程序,并使烟草业对刑事和民事错误承担责任。

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