BACKGROUND:In the first population-based study of psychopathology conducted in Haiti, we documented earthquake-related experiences associated with risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) 2-4 months following the 2010 Haiti earthquake. METHODS:A population-based survey was conducted of 1,323 survivors randomly selected from the general nondisplaced community, internally displaced persons camps, and a community clinic. Respondents were from the Nazon area of Port-au-Prince, ∼20 miles from the epicenter. RESULTS:Respondents (90.5%) reported at least one relative/close friend injured/killed, 93% saw dead bodies, and 20.9% lost their job post-earthquake. The prevalence of PTSD (24.6%) and MDD (28.3%) was high. History of violent trauma was associated with risk of PTSD and MDD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-1.9; AOR, 1.7, 95% CI 1.3, 2.2, respectively). Low social support (AOR, 1.7, 95% CI 1.2, 2.3; AOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0, 1.9, respectively) increased risk of PTSD and MDD among women. Suffering damage to the home increased risk of MDD in males (AOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.5, 5.5). Associations between being trapped in rubble, major damage to house, job loss, and PTSD; and participation in rescue/recovery, friends/family injured/killed, and MDD varied based on prior history of violent trauma. CONCLUSIONS:Addressing mental health in a post-earthquake setting such as Haiti will require focusing resources on screening and treatment of identified vulnerable groups while targeting improvement of post-earthquake living conditions. Investment in sources of social support for women may make help mitigate the vulnerability of women to PTSD and MDD.

译文

背景:在海地进行的第一项基于人群的心理病理学研究中,我们记录了与地震相关的经历,这些经历与2010年海地地震发生后2-4个月的创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和重度抑郁症(MDD)风险相关。
方法:基于人口的调查是对从普通非流离失所社区,国内流离失所者营地和社区诊所中随机选择的1,323名幸存者进行的。受访者来自太子港的纳松地区,距震中约20英里。
结果:受访者(90.5%)报告说,至少有一个亲戚/密友受伤/被杀,93%的人有尸体,20.9%的人在地震后丧生。 PTSD(24.6%)和MDD(28.3%)的患病率很高。暴力创伤史与PTSD和MDD的风险有关(校正比值比[AOR]为1.4,95%置信区间[CI]为1.0-1.9; AOR为1.7、95%CI为1.3、2.2)。较低的社会支持(分别为AOR,1.7、95%CI 1.2、2.3,AOR 1.4、95%CI 1.0、1.9)增加了妇女罹患PTSD和MDD的风险。房屋遭受损坏会增加男性罹患MDD的风险(AOR 2.8,95%CI 1.5,5.5)。被困在瓦砾中,对房屋的重大破坏,失业和PTSD之间的关联;根据先前的暴力创伤史,参与救援/恢复,朋友/家人受伤/被打死以及MDD的情况也有所不同。
结论:在诸如海地这样的地震后环境中解决心理健康问题,将需要把资源集中在筛查和治疗已确定的弱势群体上,同时着眼于改善地震后的生活条件。对妇女的社会支持来源的投资可能有助于减轻妇女对PTSD和MDD的脆弱性。

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