Evidence relating dietary sodium and blood pressure comes from a variety of sourcesanimal experiments, observational epidemiologic studies, migration studies, and randomized controlled trials. In this review, we examine new findings in each of these areas published during 1995 and 1996. Results from both observational epidemiologic studies and randomized controlled trials demonstrated a dose-response association between dietary sodium and blood pressure in humans. The relationship of dietary sodium to blood pressure was modified by age, race, body weight, and initial level of blood pressure. On average, a 100-mmol decrease in urinary sodium was associated with a reduction of approximately 3 mm Hg in systolic and a 2 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure. In a general population, this blood pressure reduction would substantially reduce the societal burden of cardiovascular and renal diseases.

译文

与饮食中钠和血压有关的证据来自多种来源,包括动物实验,观察性流行病学研究,迁移研究和随机对照试验。在这篇综述中,我们研究了1995年和1996年在上述每个领域中发表的新发现。观察流行病学研究和随机对照试验的结果均表明,人类饮食中钠与血压之间存在剂量反应关系。饮食钠与血压的关系因年龄,种族,体重和初始血压水平而改变。平均而言,尿钠减少100 mmol可使收缩压降低约3 mm Hg,舒张压降低2 mm Hg。在一般人群中,这种血压降低将大大减轻心血管疾病和肾脏疾病的社会负担。

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