The loss and fragmentation of natural habitats by human activities are pervasive phenomena in terrestrial ecosystems across the Earth and the main driving forces behind current biodiversity loss. Animal-mediated pollination is a key process for the sexual reproduction of most extant flowering plants, and the one most consistently studied in the context of habitat fragmentation. By means of a meta-analysis we quantitatively reviewed the results from independent fragmentation studies throughout the last two decades, with the aim of testing whether pollination and reproduction of plant species may be differentially susceptible to habitat fragmentation depending on certain reproductive traits that typify the relationship with and the degree of dependence on their pollinators. We found an overall large and negative effect of fragmentation on pollination and on plant reproduction. The compatibility system of plants, which reflects the degree of dependence on pollinator mutualism, was the only reproductive trait that explained the differences among the species' effect sizes. Furthermore, a highly significant correlation between the effect sizes of fragmentation on pollination and reproductive success suggests that the most proximate cause of reproductive impairment in fragmented habitats may be pollination limitation. We discuss the conservation implications of these findings and give some suggestions for future research into this area.

译文

人类活动造成的自然栖息地的丧失和破碎是地球上陆地生态系统中普遍存在的现象,也是当前生物多样性丧失的主要驱动力。动物介导的授粉是大多数现存开花植物有性繁殖的关键过程,也是在栖息地破碎化的背景下研究最一致的过程。通过荟萃分析,我们定量回顾了过去二十年来独立破碎化研究的结果,目的是测试植物物种的授粉和繁殖是否可能对栖息地破碎化有不同的敏感性,这取决于某些生殖特征,这些特征代表了与传粉者的关系和对传粉者的依赖程度。我们发现碎片化对授粉和植物繁殖的总体影响很大。植物的相容性系统反映了对传粉媒介互惠关系的依赖程度,是解释物种效应大小差异的唯一繁殖性状。此外,碎片化对授粉的影响大小与生殖成功之间的高度显着相关性表明,碎片化生境中生殖障碍的最直接原因可能是授粉限制。我们讨论了这些发现的保护意义,并为该领域的未来研究提供了一些建议。

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