Specification of limb field and initiation of limb development involve multiple steps, each of which is tightly regulated both spatially and temporally. Recent developmental analyses on various vertebrates have provided insights into the molecular mechanisms that specify limb field and have revealed several genetic interactions of signals involved in limb initiation processes. Furthermore, new approaches to the study of the developmental mechanisms of the lateral plate mesoderm of amphioxus and lamprey embryos have given us clues to understand the evolutionary scenarios that led to the acquisition of paired appendages during evolution. This review highlights such recent findings and discusses the mechanisms of limb field specification and limb bud initiation during development and evolution.

译文

肢体场的规范和肢体发育的开始涉及多个步骤,每个步骤在空间和时间上都受到严格的调节。最近对各种脊椎动物的发育分析提供了对指定肢体场的分子机制的见解,并揭示了肢体起始过程中信号的几种遗传相互作用。此外,研究文昌鱼和七lamp鳗胚胎的侧板中胚层发育机制的新方法为我们提供了线索,以了解导致进化过程中获得成对附属物的进化方案。这篇综述重点介绍了这些最新发现,并讨论了发育和进化过程中肢体场规范和肢体芽萌发的机制。

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