A biomimetic approach involving the self-assembly of mineral within the pores of three-dimensional porous polymer scaffolds is a promising strategy to integrate advantages of inorganic and organic phases into a single material for hard tissue engineering. Such a material enhances the ability of progenitor cells to differentiate down an osteoblast lineage in vitro and in vivo, compared with polymer scaffolds. The mechanisms regulating mineral formation in this one-step process, however, are poorly understood, especially the effects of ionic activity products (IP) of the mineralizing solution and incubation time. The aims of this study were to define the structure and composition of mineral formed within the pores of biodegradable polymer scaffolds as a function of IP and time. Three-dimensional poly(lactide-co-glycolide) scaffolds were fabricated by solvent casting/particulate leaching and incubated for 4-16 days in six variants of simulated body fluid whose IPs were varied by adjusting ionic concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated the formation of carbonated apatite with sub-micrometer sized crystals that grew into spherical globules extending out of the scaffold pore surfaces. As IP increased, more mineral grew on the scaffold pore surfaces, but the apatite became less crystalline and the Ca/P molar ratio decreased from 1.63 +/- 0.005 to 1.51 +/- 0.002. Since morphology, composition, and structure of mineral are factors that affect cell function, this study demonstrates that the IP of the mineralizing solution is an important modulator of material properties, potentially leading to enhanced control of cell function.

译文

一种仿生方法,涉及矿物在三维多孔聚合物支架的孔中自组装,是一种将无机和有机相的优势整合到用于硬组织工程的单一材料中的有前途的策略。与聚合物支架相比,这种材料增强了祖细胞在体外和体内分化成骨细胞谱系的能力。然而,对这种一步过程中调节矿物形成的机制知之甚少,尤其是矿化溶液的离子活性产物 (IP) 和孵育时间的影响。这项研究的目的是定义在可生物降解的聚合物支架的孔中形成的矿物的结构和组成随IP和时间的变化。通过溶剂浇铸/颗粒浸出制备三维聚 (丙交酯-共-乙交酯) 支架,并在六种模拟体液变体中孵育4-16天,其IPs通过调节离子浓度而变化。扫描电子显微镜,x射线衍射和傅立叶变换红外光谱证明了碳酸磷灰石的形成,其亚微米尺寸的晶体长成球形小球,延伸出支架孔表面。随着IP的增加,更多的矿物在支架孔表面上生长,但是磷灰石变得不那么结晶,并且Ca/P摩尔比从1.63 +/- 0.005降低到1.51 +/- 0.002。由于矿物的形态,组成和结构是影响细胞功能的因素,因此这项研究表明,矿化溶液的IP是材料特性的重要调节剂,有可能导致对细胞功能的增强控制。

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