Unconscious monitoring of multimodal stimulus changes enables humans to effectively sense the external environment. Such automatic change detection is thought to be reflected in auditory and visual mismatch negativity (MMN) and mismatch negativity fields (MMFs). These are event-related potentials and magnetic fields, respectively, evoked by deviant stimuli within a sequence of standard stimuli, and both are typically studied during irrelevant visual tasks that cause the stimuli to be ignored. Due to the sensitivity of MMN/MMF to potential effects of explicit attention to vision, however, it is unclear whether multisensory co-occurring changes can purely facilitate early sensory change detection reciprocally across modalities. We adopted a tactile task involving the reading of Braille patterns as a neutral ignore condition, while measuring magnetoencephalographic responses to concurrent audiovisual stimuli that were infrequently deviated either in auditory, visual, or audiovisual dimensions; 1000-Hz standard tones were switched to 1050-Hz deviant tones and/or two-by-two standard check patterns displayed on both sides of visual fields were switched to deviant reversed patterns. The check patterns were set to be faint enough so that the reversals could be easily ignored even during Braille reading. While visual MMFs were virtually undetectable even for visual and audiovisual deviants, significant auditory MMFs were observed for auditory and audiovisual deviants, originating from bilateral supratemporal auditory areas. Notably, auditory MMFs were significantly enhanced for audiovisual deviants from about 100 ms post-stimulus, as compared with the summation responses for auditory and visual deviants or for each of the unisensory deviants recorded in separate sessions. Evidenced by high tactile task performance with unawareness of visual changes, we conclude that Braille reading can successfully suppress explicit attention and that simultaneous multisensory changes can implicitly strengthen automatic change detection from an early stage in a cross-sensory manner, at least in the vision to audition direction.

译文

对多模态刺激变化的无意识监测使人类能够有效地感知外部环境。这种自动变化检测被认为反映在听觉和视觉失配负 (MMN) 和失配负场 (mmf) 中。这些分别是与事件相关的电势和磁场,它们是由一系列标准刺激中的异常刺激引起的,通常在不相关的视觉任务中进行研究,这些任务会导致忽略刺激。然而,由于MMN/MMF对视觉明确关注的潜在影响的敏感性,目前尚不清楚多感官共发生的变化是否可以纯粹促进跨模式的早期感觉变化检测。我们采用了一项触觉任务,其中包括将盲文模式作为中性忽略条件的读取,同时测量对同时发生的视听刺激的脑磁图反应,这些反应在听觉,视觉或视听维度上很少偏离; 将1000Hz标准音调切换到1050Hz异常音调和/或将在视野两侧显示的二乘二标准检查模式切换到异常反转模式。检查模式设置为足够微弱,以便即使在盲文阅读期间也可以轻松忽略反转。尽管即使对于视觉和视听偏差,视觉mmf也几乎无法检测到,但对于听觉和视听偏差,观察到明显的听觉mmf,这些听觉mmf来自双侧颞上听觉区域。值得注意的是,与听觉和视觉偏差或在单独的会话中记录的每个单感觉偏差的总和响应相比,刺激后约100 ms的视听偏差的听觉mmf显着增强。通过不了解视觉变化的高触觉任务性能证明,我们得出的结论是,盲文阅读可以成功地抑制显式注意力,并且同时进行的多感官变化可以从早期阶段以跨感官的方式隐式地加强自动变化检测,至少在视觉上可以从听觉方向。

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