In 2008, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) announced that in the next few decades, it will be essential to study the various biological, psychological and social "signatures" of mental disorders. Along with this new "signature" approach to mental health disorders, modifications of DSM were introduced. One major modification consisted of incorporating a dimensional approach to mental disorders, which involved analyzing, using a transnosological approach, various factors that are commonly observed across different types of mental disorders. Although this new methodology led to interesting discussions of the DSM5 working groups, it has not been incorporated in the last version of the DSM5. Consequently, the NIMH launched the "Research Domain Criteria" (RDoC) framework in order to provide new ways of classifying mental illnesses based on dimensions of observable behavioral and neurobiological measures. The NIMH emphasizes that it is important to consider the benefits of dimensional measures from the perspective of psychopathology and environmental influences, and it is also important to build these dimensions on neurobiological data. The goal of this paper is to present the perspectives of DSM5 and RDoC to the science of mental health disorders and the impact of this debate on the future of human stress research. The second goal is to present the "Signature Bank" developed by the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal (IUSMM) that has been developed in line with a dimensional and transnosological approach to mental illness.

译文

2008年,美国国家精神卫生研究所 (NIMH) 宣布,在接下来的几十年中,研究精神障碍的各种生物学,心理和社会 “特征” 将至关重要。伴随着这种新的精神卫生障碍的 “签名” 方法,引入了DSM的修改。一项主要的修改包括纳入针对精神障碍的维度方法,其中涉及使用跨系统方法分析在不同类型的精神障碍中通常观察到的各种因素。尽管这种新方法引起了DSM5工作组的有趣讨论,但尚未将其纳入DSM5的最新版本。因此,NIMH启动了 “研究领域标准” (RDoC) 框架,以便提供基于可观察到的行为和神经生物学措施的维度对精神疾病进行分类的新方法。NIMH强调,从心理病理学和环境影响的角度考虑维度测量的好处很重要,并且在神经生物学数据上建立这些维度也很重要。本文的目的是向精神卫生疾病科学介绍DSM5和RDoC的观点,以及这场辩论对人类压力研究的未来的影响。第二个目标是介绍由蒙特利尔高等教育学院 (IUSMM) 开发的 “签名银行”,该银行是根据针对精神疾病的维度和跨系统方法开发的。

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