Large-scale and rapid improvement in wastewater treatment is common practice in developing countries, yet this influence on nutrient regimes in receiving waterbodies is rarely examined at broad spatial and temporal scales. Here, we present a study linking decadal nutrient monitoring data in lakes with the corresponding estimates of five major anthropogenic nutrient discharges in their surrounding watersheds over time. Within a continuous monitoring dataset covering the period 2008 to 2017, we find that due to different rates of change in TN and TP concentrations, 24 of 46 lakes, mostly located in China's populated regions, showed increasing TN/TP mass ratios; only 3 lakes showed a decrease. Quantitative relationships between in-lake nutrient concentrations (and their ratios) and anthropogenic nutrient discharges in the surrounding watersheds indicate that increase of lake TN/TP ratios is associated with the rapid improvement in municipal wastewater treatment. Due to the higher removal efficiency of TP compared with TN, TN/TP mass ratios in total municipal wastewater discharge have continued to increase from a median of 10.7 (95% confidence interval, 7.6 to 15.1) in 2008 to 17.7 (95% confidence interval, 13.2 to 27.2) in 2017. Improving municipal wastewater collection and treatment worldwide is an important target within the 17 sustainable development goals set by the United Nations. Given potential ecological impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem function of altered nutrient ratios in wastewater discharge, our results suggest that long-term strategies for domestic wastewater management should not merely focus on total reductions of nutrient discharges but also consider their stoichiometric balance.

译文

在发展中国家,大规模,快速地改善废水处理是普遍的做法,但是很少在广泛的时空尺度上研究这种对接收水体养分状况的影响。在这里,我们提出了一项研究,将湖泊的年代际养分监测数据与周围流域中五个主要人为养分排放的相应估计值联系起来。在覆盖2008 2017年时期的连续监测数据集中,我们发现,由于TN和TP浓度的变化率不同,46个湖泊中有24个 (主要位于中国人口稠密地区) 显示TN/TP质量比增加; 只有3个湖泊显示下降。湖泊中养分浓度 (及其比率) 与周围流域人为养分排放之间的定量关系表明,湖泊TN/TP比率的增加与城市废水处理的快速改善有关。由于TP的去除效率比TN更高,城市总废水排放中的TN/TP质量比从中位数10.7 (95% 置信区间,7.6至15.1) 2008年17.7 (95% 置信区间,13.2至27.2) 2017年持续增加。在联合国设定的17个可持续发展目标中,改善全球城市废水的收集和处理是一个重要目标。考虑到废水排放中养分比率改变对生物多样性和生态系统功能的潜在生态影响,我们的结果表明,家庭废水管理的长期策略不仅应关注养分排放的总减少,还应考虑其化学计量平衡。

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