The brain maintains its mass and physiological functional capacity compared with other organs under harsh conditions such as starvation, a mechanism termed the 'selfish brain' theory. To further investigate this phenomenon, mice were examined following water and/or food deprivation. Although the body weights of the mice, the weight of the organs except the brain and blood glucose levels were significantly reduced in the absence of water and/or food, the brain weight maintained its original state. Furthermore, no significant differences in the water content of the brain or its energy balance were observed when the mice were subjected to water and/or food deprivation. To further investigate the mechanism underlying the brain maintenance of water and substance homeostasis, the expression levels of aquaporins (AQPs) and autophagy‑specific protein long‑chain protein 3 (LC3) were examined. During the process of water and food deprivation, no significant differences in the transcriptional levels of AQPs were observed. However, autophagy activity levels were initially stimulated, then suppressed in a time‑dependent manner. LC3 and AQPs have important roles for the survival of the brain under conditions of food and water deprivation, which provided further understanding of the mechanism underlying the 'selfish brain' phenomenon. Although not involved in the energy regulation of the 'selfish brain', AQPs were observed to have important roles in water and food deprivation, specifically with regards to the control of water content. Additionally, the brain exhibits an 'unselfish strategy' using autophagy during water and/or food deprivation. The present study furthered current understanding of the 'selfish brain' theory, and identified additional regulating target genes of AQPs and autophagy, with the aim of providing a basis for the prevention of nutrient shortage in humans and animals.

译文

与其他器官相比,在饥饿等恶劣条件下,大脑保持其质量和生理功能能力,这种机制被称为 “自私的大脑” 理论。为了进一步研究这种现象,在缺水和/或食物缺乏后对小鼠进行了检查。尽管在没有水和/或食物的情况下,小鼠的体重,除大脑和血糖水平外的器官的重量显着降低,但大脑重量仍保持其原始状态。此外,当小鼠遭受水和/或食物剥夺时,没有观察到大脑含水量或其能量平衡的显着差异。为了进一步研究大脑维持水和物质稳态的机制,检查了水通道蛋白 (AQPs) 和自噬特异性蛋白长链蛋白3 (LC3) 的表达水平。在缺水和缺粮的过程中,没有观察到AQPs转录水平的显着差异。然而,自噬活性水平最初被刺激,然后以时间依赖的方式被抑制。LC3和aqp在食物和水匮乏的条件下对大脑的生存具有重要作用,这进一步了解了 “自私的大脑” 现象的潜在机制。尽管没有参与 “自私的大脑” 的能量调节,但据观察,aqp在水和食物匮乏中具有重要作用,特别是在控制水含量方面。此外,在缺水和/或食物匮乏期间,大脑表现出使用自噬的 “无私策略”。本研究进一步加深了对 “自私大脑” 理论的理解,并确定了其他调节AQPs和自噬的靶基因,旨在为预防人类和动物的营养短缺提供依据。

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