Aquaporins (AQPs) constitute an ancient and diverse protein family present in all living organisms, indicating a common ancient ancestor. However, during evolution, these organisms appear and evolve differently, leading to different cell organizations and physiological processes. Amongst the eukaryotes, an important distinction between plants and animals is evident, the most conspicuous difference being that plants are sessile organisms facing ever-changing environmental conditions. In addition, plants are mostly autotrophic, being able to synthesize carbohydrates molecules from the carbon dioxide in the air during the process of photosynthesis, using sunlight as an energy source. It is therefore interesting to analyze how, in these different contexts specific to both kingdoms of life, AQP function and regulation evolved. This review aims at highlighting similarities and differences between plant and mammal AQPs. Emphasis is given to the comparison of isoform numbers, their substrate selectivity, the regulation of the subcellular localization, and the channel activity.

译文

水通道蛋白 (AQPs) 构成了一个古老而多样的蛋白质家族,存在于所有生物中,表明了一个共同的古老祖先。然而,在进化过程中,这些生物出现和进化不同,导致不同的细胞组织和生理过程。在真核生物中,植物和动物之间的重要区别是显而易见的,最明显的区别是植物是面对不断变化的环境条件的无梗生物。此外,植物大多是自养的,能够在光合作用的过程中,利用阳光作为能量来源,从空气中的二氧化碳中合成碳水化合物分子。因此,有趣的是,在这两个生命王国特有的不同环境中,AQP的功能和调节是如何演变的。这篇综述旨在强调植物和哺乳动物aqp之间的异同。重点是同工型数的比较,它们的底物选择性,亚细胞定位的调节和通道活性。

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