The driving behaviors of dementia patients have received little in the way of empirical scrutiny except through retrospective reports of crash rates. Understanding the driving errors of dementia patients and how they differ from those of normal older and younger drivers is important. This knowledge is basic to the development of road tests and scoring procedures to evaluate the driving competence of older, experienced drivers, especially those whose fitness to drive may have been compromised by a medical illness that alters their mental abilities. We have drive tested over 100 currently driving elderly patients with clinically significant cognitive decline (mostly diagnosed as the early stages of Alzheimer disease) and compared their performance with that of normal drivers. The study identified the types of driving errors that distinguish and differentiate the cognitively impaired group as well as a set of driving errors typical of both cognitively impaired and normal experienced drivers but differing in the number and severity of errors. A set of errors was also identified that did not differentiate the groups and should not be used in evaluating a person's competence to drive.

译文

痴呆症患者的驾驶行为很少受到经验审查,除非通过回顾性报告撞车率。了解痴呆症患者的驾驶错误以及它们与正常的老年和年轻驾驶员的区别非常重要。这些知识是道路测试和评分程序的发展的基础,以评估年龄较大,经验丰富的驾驶员的驾驶能力,尤其是那些适合驾驶的人可能因改变其心理能力的医疗疾病而受到损害。我们已经对100多名目前驾驶的老年患者进行了驾驶测试,这些患者具有临床上显着的认知能力下降 (主要被诊断为阿尔茨海默氏病的早期阶段),并将其表现与正常驾驶员的表现进行了比较。该研究确定了区分和区分认知障碍组的驾驶错误类型,以及一组认知障碍和正常经验驾驶员的典型驾驶错误,但错误的数量和严重程度不同。还发现了一组错误,这些错误不能区分群体,不应用于评估一个人的驾驶能力。

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