The causes of racial and ethnic inequalities in health and the most appropriate categories to use to address health inequality have been the subject of heated debate in recent years. At the same time, genetic explanations for racial disparities have figured prominently in the scientific and popular press since the announcement of the sequencing of the human genome. To understand how such explanations assumed prominence, this essay analyzes the circulation of ideas about race and genetics and the rhetorical strategies used by authors of key texts to shape the debate. The authority of genetic accounts for racial and ethnic difference in disease, the author argues, is rooted in a broad cultural faith in the promise of genetics to solve problems of human disease and the inner truth of human beings that is intertwined with historical meanings attached to race. Such accounts are problematic for a variety of reasons. Importantly, they produce, reify, and naturalize notions of racial difference, provide a scientific rationale for racially targeted medical care, and distract attention from research that probes the complex ways in which political, economic, social, and biological factors, especially those of inequality and racism, cause health disparities.

译文

健康方面种族和族裔不平等的原因以及用于解决健康不平等的最适当类别是近年来激烈辩论的主题。同时,自从宣布人类基因组测序以来,对种族差异的遗传解释在科学和大众媒体中占有重要地位。为了理解这种解释是如何突出的,本文分析了关于种族和遗传学的思想的流传,以及关键文本作者用来塑造辩论的修辞策略。作者认为,遗传的权威解释了疾病的种族和种族差异,其根源在于广泛的文化信仰,即遗传学有望解决人类疾病和人类内在真理的问题,而内在真理与历史意义交织在一起。种族。由于各种原因,此类帐户存在问题。重要的是,它们产生,重塑和自然化了种族差异的概念,为种族针对性的医疗提供了科学依据,并分散了研究的注意力,这些研究探讨了政治,经济,社会和生物因素 (尤其是不平等) 的复杂方式和种族主义造成健康差异。

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