Excited delirium syndrome (ExDS) is a medical emergency usually presenting first in the prehospital environment. Untreated ExDS is associated with a high mortality rate and is gaining recognition within organized medicine as an emerging public safety problem. It is highly associated with male gender, middle age, chronic illicit stimulant abuse, and mental illness. Management of ExDS often begins in the field when first responders, law enforcement personnel, and emergency medical services (EMS) personnel respond to requests from witnesses who observe subjects exhibiting bizarre, agitated behavior. Although appropriate prehospital management of subjects with ExDS is still under study, there is increasing awareness of the danger of untreated ExDS, and the danger associated with the need for subject restraint, whether physical or chemical. We describe two ExDS patients who were successfully chemically restrained with ketamine in the prehospital environment, and who had good outcomes without complication. These are among the first case reports in the literature of ExDS survival without complication using this novel prehospital sedation management protocol. This strategy bears further study and surveillance by the prehospital care community for evaluation of side effects and unintended complications.

译文

兴奋性谵妄综合征 (ExDS) 是一种医疗紧急情况,通常在院前环境中首先出现。未经治疗的ExDS与高死亡率相关,并且在组织医学中作为新兴的公共安全问题而获得认可。它与男性,中年,慢性非法兴奋剂滥用和精神疾病高度相关。当急救人员,执法人员和紧急医疗服务 (EMS) 人员响应目击者的要求时,通常会开始对exd进行管理,这些目击者观察到表现出怪异,激动的行为。尽管仍在研究对患有ExDS的受试者进行适当的院前管理,但人们越来越意识到未经治疗的ExDS的危险,以及与对受试者进行物理或化学约束有关的危险。我们描述了两名ExDS患者,他们在院前环境中成功地用氯胺酮进行了化学抑制,并且结局良好,没有并发症。这些是使用这种新颖的院前镇静管理方案的ExDS生存无并发症文献中的第一例报告。该策略需要院前护理社区进行进一步的研究和监视,以评估副作用和意外并发症。

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