Pregnancy is an evolutionarily important and mysterious process. The placenta, as the nutrient and gas exchange organ, plays an essential role during this process. In addition, the interaction between trophoblast and maternal immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface is also associated with successful pregnancy. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules on trophoblast cells are involved in protecting the fetus from maternal rejection. Trophoblast cells comprise three subpopulations, including syncytiotrophoblast cells, cytotrophoblast cells, and extravillous trophoblast cells, and these cells express different HLA molecules. Syncytiotrophoblast and extravillous trophoblast cells encounter maternal immune cells from different sources, such as blood or decidua. The increased γδ-T cells during human normal pregnancy indicate that these cells may play a role in this process. In peripheral blood, Vγ9Vδ2-T cells display cytotoxicity through the recognition of phosphoantigens derived from pathogens. However, HLA-E molecules protect the trophoblast cells from the cytotoxicity of Vγ9Vδ2-T cells through binding to the inhibitory receptor, CD94/NKG2A. In decidua, the main Vδ1-T cells maintain the pregnancy through the secretion of cytokines. In addition, the imbalance between Vγ9Vδ2-T and Vδ1-T cells, and the abnormal expression of the receptors on γδ-T cells were observed in adverse pregnancy.

译文

怀孕是一个进化上重要而神秘的过程。胎盘作为营养和气体交换器官,在此过程中起着至关重要的作用。此外,滋养细胞与母体-胎儿界面处的母体免疫细胞之间的相互作用也与成功怀孕有关。滋养细胞上的人类白细胞抗原 (HLA) 分子参与保护胎儿免受母体排斥。滋养层细胞包含三个亚群,包括合体滋养层细胞,细胞滋养层细胞和绒毛外滋养层细胞,这些细胞表达不同的HLA分子。合体滋养层细胞和绒毛外滋养层细胞会遇到来自不同来源的母体免疫细胞,例如血液或蜕膜。在人类正常怀孕期间增加的 γ δ-T细胞表明这些细胞可能在此过程中发挥作用。在外周血中,Vγ9Vδ2-T细胞通过识别源自病原体的磷酸抗原而显示出细胞毒性。然而,hla-e分子通过与抑制性受体CD94/NKG2A结合,保护滋养层细胞免受Vγ9Vδ2-T细胞的细胞毒性。在蜕膜中,主要的Vδ1-T细胞通过分泌细胞因子来维持妊娠。此外,在不良妊娠中观察到Vγ9Vδ2-T和Vδ1-T细胞之间的失衡以及 γ δ-t细胞上受体的异常表达。

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