There has been some debate over the question of which types of DNA variation are most appropriate to accurately reconstruct evolutionary events. We compared the capacity of microsatellites (STRs) and various types of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci in the chicken genome. The SNP types differ in their location: in exons, introns and promoters. Genetic distances between all possible pairs of 10 populations were calculated for each marker type. STR loci, which are much more polymorphic than are SNPs, are considered to have occurred at recent time compared with old evolutionary events of SNPs. Using structure software, STR loci assigned individuals to their population much more correctly than did any other marker types, whereas SNPs at promoter regions gave the poorest ascription. Furthermore, 29 STR markers were even better than all 152 SNPs together. Ancient evolutionary events that produced genetic differences between the most distant populations such as Red Jungle Fowl and domestic chicken were detected better by exons and introns than by STR loci and promoters. The significant interactions found between marker types and populations suggest that marker types had different phylogenetic histories, possibly related to a different timescale.

译文

关于哪种类型的DNA变异最适合准确重建进化事件的问题,一直存在一些争论。我们比较了鸡基因组中微卫星 (str) 和各种类型的单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 基因座的能力。SNP类型的位置不同: 外显子,内含子和启动子。计算每种标记类型的所有可能对10个种群之间的遗传距离。与SNPs的旧进化事件相比,STR基因座比SNPs更具多态性,被认为是最近发生的。使用结构软件,STR基因座将个体分配给他们的种群比任何其他标记类型都要正确得多,而启动子区域的snp的归属最差。此外,29个STR标记甚至优于所有152个snp。外显子和内含子比STR基因座和启动子更好地检测到在最遥远的种群 (例如红色丛林鸡和家鸡) 之间产生遗传差异的古代进化事件。标记类型与种群之间发现的显着相互作用表明,标记类型具有不同的系统发育历史,可能与不同的时间尺度有关。

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