Multiple traits of stress resistance were investigated in the epedaphic springtail Orchesella cincta. Second generation adults from five laboratory populations were compared with respect to resistance to extreme temperatures and desiccation, and traits relevant to climatic adaptation. Populations were collected along a 2000-km latitudinal gradient ranging from Denmark to southern Italy and reared under the same standard laboratory conditions. Traits investigated were resistance to high and low temperature, desiccation resistance, body size and water loss rate (WLR). Results showed genetically based differences in resistance to high and low temperature, desiccation, WLR, water pool and body size between populations. Individuals from the most northern population had the highest desiccation-and cold shock resistance, and the lowest heat shock resistance. Females were significantly more desiccation resistant than males. The results of cold shock resistance showed a positive increase with lowest environmental temperature recorded at the sites of population origin, whereas heat shock resistance showed a positive increase with highest recorded temperature at the sites of population origin. Desiccation resistance increased towards the most southern and northern population, suggesting that both low and high temperature extremes affect desiccation resistance. Body mass, water pool and WLR showed interpopulation as well as sex specific variation. This provides evidence for geographical variation in stress resistance of springtails related to climatic conditions.

译文

在epedaphic springtail Orchesella cincta中研究了抗逆性的多种特征。比较了来自五个实验室种群的第二代成年人对极端温度和干燥的抵抗力以及与气候适应有关的特征。从丹麦到意大利南部,沿2000公里的纬度梯度收集种群,并在相同的标准实验室条件下饲养。研究的特征是耐高低温,耐干性,体型和失水率 (WLR)。结果显示,人群之间对高温和低温,干燥,WLR,水池和体型的抗性存在基于遗传的差异。来自最北部人口的个体具有最高的抗干燥性和抗冷休克性,而最低的抗热休克性。女性的耐干燥性明显高于男性。抗冷休克性的结果显示,在人口来源的地点记录的最低环境温度为正增加,而在人口来源的地点记录的最高温度下,抗热休克性为正增加。对最南部和北部人口的干燥抗性增加,表明低温和高温极端都会影响干燥抗性。体重,水池和WLR显示出种群间以及性别特异性变异。这为与气候条件有关的springtails抗逆性的地理变化提供了证据。

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