Understanding the population genetic consequences of habitat heterogeneity requires assessing whether patterns of gene flow correspond to landscape configuration. Studies of the genetic structure of populations are still scarce for Neotropical forest birds. We assessed range-wide genetic structure and contemporary gene flow in the thorn-tailed rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda), a passerine bird inhabiting the temperate forests of South America. We used 12 microsatellite loci to genotype 582 individuals from eight localities across a large latitudinal range (30°S-56°S). Using population structure metrics, multivariate analyses, clustering algorithms, and Bayesian methods, we found evidence for moderately low regional genetic structure and reduced gene flow towards the range margins. Genetic differentiation increased with geographic distance, particularly in the southern part of the species' distribution where forests are continuously distributed. Populations in the north seem to experience limited gene flow likely due to forest discontinuity, and may comprise a demographically independent unit. The southernmost population, on the other hand, is genetically depauperate and different from all other populations. Different analytical approaches support the presence of three to five genetic clusters. We hypothesize that the genetic structure of the species follows a hierarchical clustered pattern.

译文

了解栖息地异质性的种群遗传后果需要评估基因流模式是否与景观配置相对应。对于新热带森林鸟类,对种群遗传结构的研究仍然很少。我们评估了栖息在南美温带森林中的雀形目鸟刺尾rayadio (Aphrastura spinicauda) 的范围内的遗传结构和当代基因流。我们使用12个微卫星基因座对大纬度范围 (30 ° S-56 ° S) 的8个地区的582个个体进行基因型。使用种群结构指标,多元分析,聚类算法和贝叶斯方法,我们发现了适度低区域遗传结构和减少向范围边缘的基因流的证据。遗传分化随着地理距离的增加而增加,尤其是在该物种分布的南部,那里的森林不断分布。北部的人口似乎经历了有限的基因流,这可能是由于森林的不连续性,并且可能是人口统计学上独立的单位。另一方面,最南端的人口在遗传上是不安全的,与所有其他人口都不同。不同的分析方法支持三到五个遗传簇的存在。我们假设该物种的遗传结构遵循分层聚类模式。

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