Convergent phenotypic evolution may or may not be associated with convergent genotypic evolution. Agricultural weeds have repeatedly been selected for weed-adaptive traits such as rapid growth, increased seed dispersal and dormancy, thus providing an ideal system for the study of convergent evolution. Here, we identify QTL underlying weedy traits and compare their genetic architecture to assess the potential for convergent genetic evolution in two distinct populations of weedy rice. F(2) offspring from crosses between an indica cultivar and two individuals from genetically differentiated U.S. weedy rice populations were used to map QTL for four quantitative (heading date, seed shattering, plant height and growth rate) and two qualitative traits. We identified QTL on nine of the twelve rice chromosomes, yet most QTL locations do not overlap between the two populations. Shared QTL among weed groups were only seen for heading date, a trait for which weedy groups have diverged from their cultivated ancestors and from each other. Sharing of some QTL with wild rice also suggests a possible role in weed evolution for genes under selection during domestication. The lack of overlapping QTL for the remaining traits suggests that, despite a close evolutionary relationship, weedy rice groups have adapted to the same agricultural environment through different genetic mechanisms.

译文

收敛表型进化可能与收敛基因型进化有关,也可能不相关。农业杂草因杂草适应性性状如快速生长、增加种子扩散和休眠而被反复选择,从而为收敛进化的研究提供了理想的系统。在这里,我们确定了杂草性状的QTL,并比较了它们的遗传结构,以评估两个不同杂草水稻种群中趋同遗传进化的潜力。F(2) 使用in稻品种与来自遗传分化的美国杂草水稻种群的两个个体之间杂交的后代来绘制QTL的四个定量 (抽穗期,种子破碎,株高和生长速率) 和两个定性性状。我们在十二个水稻染色体中的九个染色体上确定了QTL,但是大多数QTL位置在两个种群之间没有重叠。杂草组之间的共享QTL仅在抽穗日期可见,杂草组与他们的栽培祖先和彼此不同。与野生稻共享一些QTL也表明在驯化过程中选择基因在杂草进化中可能发挥作用。其余性状缺乏重叠的QTL表明,尽管有密切的进化关系,但杂草水稻群体通过不同的遗传机制适应了相同的农业环境。

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