Establishment of anterior-posterior polarity in the Caenorhabditis elegans zygote requires two different processes: mechanical activity of the actin-myosin cortex and biochemical activity of partitioning-defective (PAR) proteins. Here we analyze how PARs regulate the behavior of the cortical motor protein nonmuscle myosin (NMY-2) to complement recent efforts that investigate how PARs regulate the Rho GTPase CDC-42, which in turn regulates the actin-myosin cortex. We find that PAR-3 and PAR-6 concentrate CDC-42-dependent NMY-2 in the anterior cortex, whereas PAR-2 inhibits CDC-42-dependent NMY-2 in the posterior domain by inhibiting PAR-3 and PAR-6. In addition, we find that PAR-1 and PAR-3 are necessary for inhibiting movement of NMY-2 across the cortex. PAR-1 protects NMY-2 from being moved across the cortex by forces likely originating in the cytoplasm. Meanwhile, PAR-3 stabilizes NMY-2 against PAR-2 and PAR-6 dynamics on the cortex. We find that PAR signaling fulfills two roles: localizing NMY-2 to the anterior cortex and preventing displacement of the polarized cortical actin-myosin network.

译文

在秀丽隐杆线虫合子中建立前-后极性需要两个不同的过程: 肌动蛋白-肌球蛋白皮层的机械活性和分配缺陷 (PAR) 蛋白的生化活性。在这里,我们分析PARs如何调节皮质运动蛋白非肌肉肌球蛋白 (NMY-2) 的行为,以补充最近研究PARs如何调节Rho GTPase CDC-42的努力,而Rho GTPase反过来调节肌动蛋白-肌球蛋白皮层。我们发现PAR-3和PAR-6集中在前皮层CDC-42-dependent NMY-2,而PAR-2通过抑制PAR-3和PAR-6来抑制后域的CDC-42-dependent NMY-2。此外,我们发现PAR-1和PAR-3对于抑制NMY-2跨皮层的运动是必要的。PAR-1保护NMY-2免受可能起源于细胞质的力量穿过皮层。同时,PAR-3稳定了皮质上相对于PAR-2和PAR-6动态的NMY-2。我们发现PAR信号具有两个作用: 将NMY-2定位到前皮质和防止极化的皮质肌动蛋白-肌球蛋白网络移位。

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