The yeast S. cerevisiae is a central model organism in eukaryotic cell studies and a major component in many food and biotechnological industrial processes. However, the wide knowledge regarding genetics and molecular biology of S. cerevisiae is based on an extremely narrow range of strains. Studies of natural populations of S. cerevisiae, not associated with human activities or industrial fermentation environments, are very few. We isolated a panel of S. cerevisiae strains from a natural microsite, "Evolution Canyon" at Mount Carmel, Israel, and studied their genomic biodiversity. Analysis of 19 microsatellite loci revealed high allelic diversity and variation in ploidy level across the panel, from diploids to tetraploids, confirmed by flow cytometry. No significant differences were found in the level of microsatellite variation between strains derived from the major localities or microniches, whereas strains of different ploidy showed low similarity in allele content. Maximum genetic diversity was observed among diploids and minimum among triploids. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clonal, rather than sexual, structure of the triploid and tetraploid subpopulations. Viability tests in tetrad analysis also suggest that clonal reproduction may predominate in the polyploid subpopulations.

译文

酵母酿酒酵母是真核细胞研究中的中心模式生物,也是许多食品和生物技术工业过程中的主要组成部分。然而,关于酿酒酵母的遗传学和分子生物学的广泛知识是基于极其狭窄的菌株范围。与人类活动或工业发酵环境无关的酿酒酵母自然种群研究很少。我们从以色列卡梅尔山的自然微位点 “进化峡谷” 中分离了一组酿酒酵母菌株,并研究了它们的基因组生物多样性。对19个微卫星基因座的分析显示,从二倍体到四倍体,整个面板的等位基因多样性和倍性水平变化很高,通过流式细胞术证实。在来自主要地区或微型物种的菌株之间的微卫星变异水平上没有发现显着差异,而不同倍性的菌株在等位基因含量上显示出较低的相似性。在二倍体中观察到最大的遗传多样性,在三倍体中观察到最小。系统发育分析显示,三倍体和四倍体亚群的克隆而非性结构。tetrad分析中的生存力测试还表明,克隆繁殖可能在多倍体亚群中占主导地位。

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