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Many policy initiatives to increase health insurance coverage would subsidize employers to offer coverage or subsidize employees to participate in their employers' health plans. Using data from the 1997 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Employer Health Insurance Survey, we contrast "low-wage employers" with all other employers. Employees in low-wage businesses have significantly worse access to employment-based insurance than other employees do; they are less likely to work for an employer that offers insurance, less likely to be eligible if working in a business that offers insurance, and less likely to be enrolled if eligible. Low-wage employers contribute lower shares of premiums and offer less generous benefits than other employers do. Policies that would target subsidies to selected employers to increase insurance offers to low-wage workers are difficult to design, however, because several commonly mentioned employer characteristics (including firm size) are found to be poor indicators of low-wage worker concentration. Programs that would set minimum standards for employer plans to be eligible for "buy-ins" need to base these standards on the less generous terms offered by low-wage employers in order to effectively reach low-wage workers and their dependents.

译文

许多增加健康保险覆盖面的政策举措将补贴雇主提供保险或补贴雇员参与其雇主的健康计划。使用1997罗伯特·伍德·约翰逊基金会雇主健康保险调查的数据,我们将 “低薪雇主” 与所有其他雇主进行了对比。低工资企业的员工获得就业保险的机会明显比其他员工差; 他们不太可能为提供保险的雇主工作,如果在提供保险的企业工作,他们不太可能有资格,如果符合条件,他们不太可能被录取。与其他雇主相比,低薪雇主贡献的保费份额较低,提供的福利也较低。但是,很难设计针对某些雇主的补贴以增加对低薪工人的保险优惠的政策,因为发现几种通常提到的雇主特征 (包括公司规模) 是低薪工人集中的不良指标。为有资格获得 “买入” 的雇主计划设定最低标准的计划需要将这些标准基于低薪雇主提供的不太慷慨的条款,以便有效地惠及低薪工人及其家属。

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