Apoptosis can be described as programmed cell death. Apoptosis regulates cell turnover and is involved in various pathological conditions. The characteristic features of apoptosis are shrinkage of the cell body, chromatin condensation, and nucleic acid fragmentation. During apoptosis, double-stranded DNA is broken down into single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) by proteases. Acoustic trauma is commonly encountered in otorhinolaryngology clinics. Intense noise can cause inner ear damage, such as hearing disturbance, tinnitus, ear fullness, and decreased speech discrimination. In this study, we used immunohistochemical and electrophysiological methods to examine the fragmentation of DNA in the cochleas of guinea pigs that had been exposed to intense noise. Twenty-four guinea pigs weighing 250 to 350 g were used. The animals were divided into 4 groups: (I) a control group (n=6), (II) a group that was exposed to noise for 2 hours (n=6), (III) a group that was exposed to noise for 5 hours (n=6), and (IV) a group that was exposed to noise for 20 hours. The stimulus was a pure tone delivered at a frequency of 2 kHz. The sound pressure level was 120 dBSPL. No threshold shifts were apparent in group I. Group II showed a significant elevation of the hearing threshold (ANOVA, p<0.05(*)). The ABR threshold level was also significantly elevated immediately after the acoustic stimulation in groups III and IV (ANOVA, p<0.01(**)). In groups I, II, and IV, the lateral wall of the ear did not show immunoreactivity to ssDNA but did in group III. No immunoreactivity was apparent in the organ of Corti in group I or II. However, the supporting cells and outer hair cells in groups III and IV showed reactions for ssDNA. The fine structure of the organ of Corti had been destroyed in group IV. The lateral wall showed immunoreactivity for ssDNA only in group III, whereas the organ of Corti showed reactions for ssDNA in groups III and IV. Our study suggests that apoptotic changes occur in patients that suffer acoustic trauma. Once the apoptotic pathway has started, it is irreversible. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment are necessary. Earplugs should also be worn at rock concerts.

译文

细胞凋亡可以描述为程序性细胞死亡。凋亡调节细胞更新,并参与各种病理状况。细胞凋亡的特征是细胞体收缩,染色质浓缩和核酸片段化。在细胞凋亡过程中,双链DNA被蛋白酶分解为单链DNA (ssDNA)。耳鼻喉科诊所通常会遇到声学创伤。强烈的噪声会引起内耳的损伤,如听力障碍、耳鸣、耳饱满、言语辨别能力下降等。在这项研究中,我们使用免疫组织化学和电生理学方法来检查暴露于强烈噪音的豚鼠耳蜗中DNA的片段化。使用了24只体重250至350g的豚鼠。将动物分为4组 :( I) 对照组 (n = 6),(II) 暴露于噪声2小时的组 (n = 6),(III) 暴露于噪声5小时的组 (n = 6),(IV) 暴露于噪音20小时的人群。刺激是以2 kHz的频率传递的纯音。声压级为120 dBSPL。组I中没有明显的阈值变化。组II显示听力阈值显着升高 (ANOVA,p<0.05(*))。在第III组和第IV组的声刺激后,ABR阈值水平也显着升高 (ANOVA,p<0.01(**))。在I,II和IV组中,耳朵的侧壁未显示对ssDNA的免疫反应性,但在III组中显示。在第一组或第二组的Corti器官中没有明显的免疫反应性。然而,III和IV组中的支持细胞和外部毛细胞显示出对ssDNA的反应。第四组破坏了Corti器官的精细结构。侧壁仅在III组中显示出对ssDNA的免疫反应性,而Corti器官在III和IV组中显示出对ssDNA的反应。我们的研究表明,遭受声学创伤的患者会发生凋亡变化。一旦凋亡途径开始,它是不可逆的。因此,早期诊断和治疗是必要的。摇滚音乐会上也应该戴耳塞。

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