Bryonia, a well-known medicinal plant used mainly in homeopathy as an antiinflammatory, has never been considered an adaptogen. However, much evidence has been accumulated during the last decade indicating that Bryonia roots have adaptogenic properties. This review summarizes the reports (published mainly in Russian) on the chemical composition, the pharmacological and biochemical investigations of the active principles of Bryonia alba roots. It also summarizes reports on clinical trials of a Bryonia extract (tablets prepared from a standardized powder of Bryonia alba root, called "Loshtak" in Armenia) that indicates it is an adaptogenic and restorative drug with immunomodulatory, stress-protective and tonic properties that increase the nonspecific resistance of an organism toward harmful stimuli. The major active components of the Bryonia extract are cucurbitacin glucosides and trihydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (THODA). The biological activities of these compounds are associated with biosynthesis of eicosanoids and corticosteroids, which are important mediators in the immune, endocrine and nervous systems. Clinical trials show that the Bryonia extract was effective in treating workers at the Chernobyl Nuclear reactor who suffered from vegetovessel dystonia and other accompanying illnesses as a result of that facility's well-known accident. It was also effective in preventing radiation-induced disorders and cytostatic side effects in cancer therapy. The use of Bryonia extract in healthy athletes increases their endurance, working capacity and heart rate restoration after physical loading. No side effects caused by Bryonia extract intake were recorded during these trials.

译文

Bryonia是一种著名的药用植物,主要用于顺势疗法作为抗炎药物,从未被认为是适应原。然而,在过去十年中,已经积累了许多证据,表明Bryonia根具有适应性。这篇综述总结了有关Bryonia alba根的化学成分,药理和生化研究的报告 (主要以俄语发表)。它还总结了Bryonia提取物 (由Bryonia alba根的标准化粉末制成的片剂,在亚美尼亚称为 “Loshtak”) 的临床试验报告,表明它是一种适应性和恢复性药物,具有免疫调节,应激保护和滋补特性,可增加生物体对有害刺激的非特异性抵抗力。Bryonia提取物的主要活性成分是葫芦苷和三羟基十八碳二烯酸 (THODA)。这些化合物的生物活性与类花生酸和皮质类固醇的生物合成有关,后者是免疫,内分泌和神经系统中的重要介质。临床试验表明,Bryonia提取物可有效治疗切尔诺贝利核反应堆的工人,这些工人因该设施的著名事故而患有植物血管张力障碍和其他伴随疾病。在癌症治疗中,它还可有效预防辐射引起的疾病和细胞抑制副作用。在健康运动员中使用Bryonia提取物可提高其耐力,工作能力和身体负荷后的心率恢复。在这些试验中没有记录到由Bryonia提取物摄入引起的副作用。

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