Most of the previous studies in last three decades report evidence of interactions between the different phytochemicals and the proteins involved in signal transduction pathways using in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo analyses. However, extrapolation of these findings for clinical purposes has not been that fruitful. The efficacy of the phytochemicals in vivo studies is limited by parameters such as solubility, metabolic degradation, excretion, etc. Various approaches have now been devised to circumvent these limitations. Recently, chemical modification of the phytochemicals are demonstrated to reduce some of the limitations and improve their efficacy. Similar to traditional medicines several combinatorial phytochemical formulations have shown to be more efficient. Further, phytochemicals have been reported to be even more efficient in the form of nanoparticles. However, systematic evaluation of their efficacy, mode of action in pathway modulation, usage and associated challenges is required to be done. The present review begins with basic understanding of how signaling cascades regulate cellular response and the consequences of their dysregulation further summarizing the developments and problems associated with the dietary phytochemicals and also discuss recent approaches in strengthening these compounds in pharmacological applications. Only context relevant studies have been reviewed. Considering the limitations and scope of the article, authors do not claim inclusion of all the early and recent studies.

译文

过去三十年的大多数先前研究报告了使用计算机,体外,离体和体内分析的不同植物化学物质与信号转导途径中涉及的蛋白质之间相互作用的证据。但是,出于临床目的对这些发现的推断并没有那么富有成果。体内研究的植物化学物质的功效受到诸如溶解度,代谢降解,排泄等参数的限制。现在已经设计了各种方法来规避这些限制。最近,已证明对植物化学物质进行化学修饰可以减少某些局限性并提高其功效。与传统药物类似,几种组合植物化学制剂已显示出更有效的效果。此外,据报道,植物化学物质以纳米颗粒的形式甚至更有效。但是,需要对其功效,在通路调制中的作用方式,使用和相关挑战进行系统评估。本综述从对信号级联如何调节细胞反应及其失调的后果的基本理解开始,进一步总结了与膳食植物化学物质相关的发展和问题,并讨论了在药理学应用中加强这些化合物的最新方法。仅回顾了与上下文相关的研究。考虑到本文的局限性和范围,作者并未声称包括所有早期和近期研究。

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