The anamniote lateral line system, comprising mechanosensory neuromasts and electrosensory ampullary organs, is a useful model for investigating the developmental and evolutionary diversification of different organs and cell types. Zebrafish neuromast development is increasingly well understood, but neither zebrafish nor Xenopus is electroreceptive and our molecular understanding of ampullary organ development is rudimentary. We have used RNA-seq to generate a lateral line-enriched gene-set from late-larval paddlefish (Polyodon spathula). Validation of a subset reveals expression in developing ampullary organs of transcription factor genes critical for hair cell development, and genes essential for glutamate release at hair cell ribbon synapses, suggesting close developmental, physiological and evolutionary links between non-teleost electroreceptors and hair cells. We identify an ampullary organ-specific proneural transcription factor, and candidates for the voltage-sensing L-type Cav channel and rectifying Kv channel predicted from skate (cartilaginous fish) ampullary organ electrophysiology. Overall, our results illuminate ampullary organ development, physiology and evolution.

译文

anamniote侧线系统,包括机械感觉神经管和电感觉壶腹器官,是研究不同器官和细胞类型的发育和进化多样化的有用模型。斑马鱼神经肥大的发育越来越被人们所了解,但是斑马鱼和非洲爪蟾都不是电感受性的,我们对壶腹器官发育的分子理解还很初步。我们已经使用RNA-seq从晚幼虫paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) 产生了一条富含侧线的基因集。子集的验证揭示了对毛细胞发育至关重要的转录因子基因的发育中的壶腹器官中的表达,以及毛细胞带状突触中谷氨酸释放必不可少的基因,表明非硬骨膜电感受器与毛细胞之间的密切发育,生理和进化联系。我们确定了壶腹器官特异性的前神经转录因子,并根据滑冰 (软骨鱼) 壶腹器官电生理预测了电压感应L型Cav通道和整流Kv通道。总的来说,我们的结果阐明了壶腹器官的发育,生理和进化。

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